Regeneration full geo

What is the Clarke Fisher model

Types of job sector

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, quinary

compare life expectancy to income in the uk

south earn more than north, life expectancy higher in south than north

most unequal place in uk

cambridge, wide jobs, 10 year difference in life expectancy

function meaning

the main economic activity of an area

characteristics meaning

physical/human aspects that makes one place different from another

what london area has changed its function

canary wharf

who changed canary wharf

London docklands development corporation

how has the function of canary wharf changed

changed from dockyards and shipment and trade to everything

3 contrasting places in the uk

oxford, Totness, canary wharf

employment in oxford, canary wharf and totnes

oxford - range of jobs, particularly knowledge based IT, due to University

canary wharf - mainly knowledge economy, quinary sector

Totnes - not as economically active, mainly tertiary

deprivation in oxford, totnes, canary wharf

oxford - wide spread deprivation from east to north

Totnes - equal deprivation between 50-60%

canary wharf - 10-20% least deprived

age demographics in oxford, totnes, canary wharf

oxford - mainly working age 16-64 at 91%

canary wharf - 84% age 16-64

totnes - 58% aged 16-64

property prices in oxford, totnes, canary wharf

oxford average £500,000

canary wharf average £1,00,000

totnes average £375,000

the ways to see a regeneration project on 3 different scales

regional national international

what is oxford known for

university, oxford united, landmarks, science park

oxford is struggling with

house prices, poverty

what makes a place successful

low crime, low unemployment, high education

term that describes the multiplier effect

cumulative causation

example of a successful place in uk

berkshire

why is berkshire successful

location, access to london, the m4 road connecting it to london, high population growth of 13%, home to ICT companies such as microsoft and oracle

why is oxford successful

the university contributing 15 Billion GDP in 2018/19, science park, tourism, football club

what makes a place unsuccessful and what is the term describing this

low investor confidence, sector decline, increased unemployment

spiral of decline

example of a declining area in uk

Middlesbrough

why is Middlesbrough declining

declining population , 35,000 left since 1980s, high unemployment, 13%, low income and life expectancy, and poor, cheap housing, environmentally littered

what is social segregation, the two examples

physical segregation of people due to economic or social factors, places are sink estates and declining rural settlements

what is residential sorting, the two examples

choice of living in a neighbourhood with similar characteristics, gated communities, commuter village

what place is successful and unsuccessful

san Francisco bay area

why is san francisco bay area good and bad

good - bay area 700 billion gdp in 2023, aesthetically pleasing, silicon valley of tncs such as google, apple

bad - high inequality

two types of communities

civic engagement and community engagement

what is civic engagement

how groups address a public concern

what is community engagement

how one participates in a community

example of engagement

Tottenham 2011 riots

what happened in these riots

Stone-throwing, attacks on migrants' shops and houses, mob attacks, gang fighting and looting. Some groups of migrants fought back

where has economic restructuring happend

the rust belt usa

how has the rust belt changed

massive industrial hub to sector change, capitalising on the previous history

place that has been targeted in the rust belt for regeneration but not gained enough government attention

ohio, youngstown

what does the government prioritise in regeneration

housebuilding, de regulation of markets, migration, fracking

what is fracking and the impact it has on the uk

drilling into the ground, and pumping water to extract shale gas , pollutes the land, impacts local communities in north, government have been unable to commit to it

what is a free port

an area with less taxes on imports

migration impact on the uk

government want migrants, often educated, skilled, working age

what is infastructure

the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.

main transport investments in the last few years uk

heathrow expansion, Elizabeth line, HS2

what is HS2

the high speed railway that was going to link London to Birmingham and to the rest of the north

pros - quick transport, link north and bring investment to north

cons - massive environmental impact, very expensive £88 Billion by the government, space taken, possible deforestation

what is a social good

something that benefits the whole society e.g clean water

6 targeted regeneration strategies

Rural diversification, science parks, retail led, culture led, sports led, tourism and leisure led

Retail led regeneration example

Alyesbury - demolition of old buildings for new waterside theater in 2010 , costing £47 million

new university in 2016, bringing new shops and restaurants

science park example

oxford - 90 companies, 3500 employees, specialist in science and biotech

Cambridge - 130 companies, 7250 employees, quaternary sector such as biotech, defences, encourage foreign set up, 30% foreign companies

sports led example

queen Elizabeth Olympic park - west ham stadium 2012, Olympic village converted to 2800 flats, building many homes, build on fame of Olympics, regeneration of stratford shopping centre

what is chambers of commerce

organisations that persuade investment

trade unions

unions to protect workers rights

What place has conflict with change

Tottenham

why does Tottenham need change

outdated stadium, sports led, poor community,

why is there conflict in Tottenham

conflict between stakeholders and charities because lack of community involvement and lack of consideration for community wants and needs

they want the stadium to be used as a more community involved asset

what is rebranding

the way a place is re developed to get rid of negative perceptions and attract investment, it can involve both regeneration and re imaging

what is re imaging

re modelling a area to try get rid of negative perceptions to fit the modern age

What is regeneration

the physical action to reverse the decline of a area

which UK area has been rebranded

The titanic quarter, northern Ireland, Belfast

why was the titanic quarter area needing regenerated

it needed regeneration to counter the negative image of the titanic, was heavily industrialised, unstable political to social scene, this limited investment

how has Belfast been regenerated

focus on buildings inspired by the titanic, e.g titanic quarter, titanic Belfast visitor centre

what is place making

people centered approach to regeneration, focusing on the needs of the people

how can regeneration be measured

living environment - by pollution levels, land use

social progress - by reduction in inequality, deprivation

economic regeneration - by income, employment, poverty

urban regeneration example

bristol temple quarter

why did bristol need regeneration

heavily industrialised, fear of flooding, polluted land, unused land

what themes were chosen to regenerate Bristol

starting business investment, making nicer area

how was bristol regenerated

new enterprise zone for businesses to move in with reduced rent, better transport, green infrastructure

was the bristol regeneration successful

created 4000+ jobs, aim for 17000, and 400+ firms, but faces criticism of affordability

who pays for regeneration

public sector, private sector, public and private sector

what rural regeneration strategy has been successful and unsuccessful

Giants Causeway, Northern Ireland

why has The Giants Causeway Visitor Centre been successful

attracted many tourists, over one million in a single year,

environmental friendly, sustainable design, blending in with the scenery, generated £485 million in 2017, employs 75 full time staff

why has The Giants Causeway Visitor Centre been unsuccessful

high entry costs - $8.50 per person

environmental degradation due to the high visitors, causing wear and pollution

what coastal UK area has experienced many regeneration strategies in the last 30 years

Cornwall

what physical developments were at focus during the watergate bay regeneration

make a year round tourist attraction

develop high quality accommodation, promote water sports, the development of the extreme sports academy

what was the aims of the water gate bay regeneration

stimulate an economy, create a reputation

was the water gate bay successful

very, hosted board masters festival in 2017, generated £45 million, hosts England national surfing championship since 2007

why was the Watergate bay unsuccessful

rising house prices and environmental concerns

Tate St Ives 1993 Cornwall regeneration, what did the project do

£20 million extension to the gallery space by digging into cliffs

what were the aims of the Tate St Ives regeneration

support tourism, help aspirational artists, boost Cornwall's heritage

Was the Tate St ives regeneration successful

11,000 visitors in the first week of re-opening, in 2019, 279,000 visitors, boosted local economy by £10.5 million, but a decline in visitors by 37% post covid

what area in Manchester used to be the docks

Salford quays

Peel park - january 2015 - what is it

regeneration of an urban park close to the salford university

Peel park successes

Used for musical performances and the university students

Peel park failures

Located on a flood plain

getting funding, 1.6m gotten from the lottery and a further 2m applied for

Port Salford - 2009-2017 - what is it

based in Manchester ship cannel, a port that delivers by sea, rail, road, first of its kind

port Salford successes

reduces carbon emissions by millions

created 10,000 jobs over life

benefits local businesses

port Salford cons

promote old self, not great for re imaging, cost £400m, quite large