Bio(H) 10th grade DNA Unit
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Last updated 4:38 PM on 2/27/23
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28 Terms
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DNA stands for
deoxyribonucleic acid
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DNA is defined as
a double helix
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DNA is found in
All organisms
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Who found the formation of the double helix
Watson and Crick, credited w/ figuring out the structure of DNA
* built on the work of many scientists
* built on the work of many scientists
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Gene
a part of a DNA that codes for a protien
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PROTEIN Makeup
CHONS
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NUCLEIC ACIDS Makeup
CHONP
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Base pairing rules: Chargaff’s Rules
A always with T, G always with C
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A&T
Double bond
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C&G
Triple Bond
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Purines
A and G, 2 rings
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Pyrimidines
T and C, 1 ring
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Phosphodiester bond
btwn two nucleotides
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antiparellel
a double helix runs this way from each other. they have directionality
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Prokaryotic DNA
naked DNA; no histone protiens
circular
1 chromosome
plasmids-small piece of DNA that holds genes
has one origin site
circular
1 chromosome
plasmids-small piece of DNA that holds genes
has one origin site
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Eukaryotic DNA
DNA bound to histone
linear
2 or more chromosomes
no plasmids
has many origin sites
linear
2 or more chromosomes
no plasmids
has many origin sites
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DNA replication happens how many times
once in a cells life(cycle) during s phase of interphase
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Building DNA
we build 5’ to 3’
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Reading DNA
we read it 3’ to 5’
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Lagging strand
copied in fragments
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Helicase
unzips DNA
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RNA primer
added by primase
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SSBP
Single Stranded Binding Proteins= holds open
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DNA polymerase3
adds free nucleotides
can only add to a strand can’t start building
can only add to a strand can’t start building
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leading strand
copied continuously
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DNA polymerase1
profreads DNA, fixes mistakes, removes the RNA primer and replaces DNA
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Ligase
glues together nucleotides
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primase
gets the DNA ready for RNA primer and helps it attach to start synthesizing the DNA
