Results for "taboo"

Taboo Game

Taboo

Taboo

Exam Preparation: Incest Taboo and Societal Structures (12/11)

taboo and purple recreation

Midterm 2: PNF, NDT, Handling, Sexuality, Taboo Occs, EF, Sensory Exams, Goals

Nina Tannenwald, “The Nuclear Taboo: The US and the Normative Basis of Nuclear Non-Use”

communications in sport kine1560 day one Tuesday September 9, 2025 Sport communication the process of creating, sharing, and interpreting messages in a sport context Stakeholders - athletes, teams, leagues, media, and fans - Sport communication isn’t just sports journalism. It includes branding, marketing, PR Strategic communication: - purposeful communication designed to achieve specific objectives. Planned, intentional, long term. Applies to PR, advertising - Strategic sport communication combines sport communication and strategic planning. Aligns sport-related messaging with organizational goals. Ex. Social media campaigns for fan engagement during the playoffs. Strategic communication: - purposeful communication designed to achieve specific objectives. Planned, intentional, long-term. Applies to PR, advertising, marketing, social campaigns Why sport communication is unique? - Emotional, passionate audience - Strong community identity - Rivalries and traditions shape interaction norms Communicators help achieve organizational objectives by aligning messaging with strategic goals, whether that’s increasing ticket sales, boosting sponsorship deals, or expanding a fan base internationally. The role of communication is to bridge the gap between business priorities and fan experiences. - One of the most powerful outcomes of effective communication is the creation of brand value. * A strong brand helps a team or league stand out in a crowded marketplace and ensures long-term loyalty. * Through media relations communicators create narratives that fans invest in emotionally and financially. Sport and community: sport is a powerful connector that brings people together across diverse backgrounds, creating a sense of belonging and shared purpose. Local communities often rally around teams, leagues, or even school sports programs, fostering social cohesion and pride day two Thursday September 11, 2025 Sport communications: An industry perspective * Sport=spectacle consumed live, on TV, streaming, social media, multibillion-dollar entertainment industry * Sport is not only a competition; it is a form of entertainment that captivates audiences by creating spectacle and drama. The physical skill, unpredictability, and emotional highs and lows of sport naturally engage fans, turning games into stories and athletes into heroes or icons - Spectacle is built through elements like stadium design, lighting, music, and fan rituals, which amplify the experience * For example, NFL games in the United States often include elaborate halftime shows, pre-game ceremonies, and in-stadium fan engagement * turning a sporting event into a  multi-sensory experience that draws attention far beyond the action on the field. The way sport is consumed has also evolved, expanding from traditional live attendance to global television broadcasts, streaming platforms, and social media Fans can follow events in real time, watch highlights, and interact with teams and athletes online, creating multiple layers of engagement * The premier league in England reaches hundreds of millions of viewers worldwide through TV contracts and streaming deals while social media such as Instagram allow athletes to engage directly with fans which builds personal brands. * The entertainment value of sport has created a massive global industry, generating billions of dollars in revenue from broadcasting rights, ticket sales, sponsorships, merchandise, and digital content * Major leagues like employ sophisticated marketing strategies to attract and retain audiences * Mega events like the Olympics or the Super Bowl combine competition with pageantry, media spectacle, and commercial opportunities, turning sport into a cultural and economic juggernaut * Spot organizations rely on a variety of revenue streams, each contributing to their overall financial stability * The most visible of these include ticket sales, merchandise, sponsorships, endorsements, and media rights * ticket sales provide consistent revenue from fans who attend games in person * Merchandise builds on that loyalty by allowing fans to display their identities * Ticket sales form one of the most traditional and direct revenue streams in sport Season tickets are especially valuable because they guarantee recurring revenue and create long-term commitment from fans. Promotions and premium options like luxury suites further increase profitability. Communication plays a critical role in driving ticket sales. Marketing campaigns, targeted emails, and social media promotions create excitement and urgency. - Teams will focus on the atmosphere the community and the unpredictability of the game itself. - Merchandise is more than just a t-shirt or a cap- it is a way for fans to express identity and allegiance. - Whether it’s wearing a jersey to the game or buying collectibles, merchandise represents an extension of the fan experience. Brand power: sales are influenced by factors like team success, brand strength, and overall fan satisfaction. When a team is winning, merchandise sales often soar. - Counterfeit products pose a challenge to this revenue stream - Unauthorized replicas dilute sales and undermine the authenticity of the fan experience - Sport organizations use communication campaigns to raise awareness about counterfeit goods, appealing to fans loyalty by emphasizing the importance of supporting the team directly. Communications in sponsorships and endorsements Sponsorship deals link companies to leagues, teams, or events, while endorsements are driven by individual athletes - Both create powerful connections between sport brands and corporate partners - These partnerships are built on communication - Athletes who endorse products become communicators themselves using their credibility and visibility to influence consumer behavior Sponsorship takes many forms Stadium naming rights, uniform sponsorships put brand logos directly into the visual experience of the game, digital activations use apps and social media to engage fans in interactive ways - A naming rights deal must be announced and framed in ways that minimize fan resistance while highlighting community benefits - Jersey sponsorships require visual integration so that the logo feels part of the teams identity rather than an unwelcome intrusion - Broadcasting deals with networks , streaming services, and digital platforms are the largest revenue source for most major leagues Communication is central here: - leagues and teams need to frame their product in a way that maximizes Symbiotic relationship - Its not about selling rights to watch games its showing that the league can demonstrate stories, narratives, and consistent fan engagement that will keep audiences watching Good storylines are key - Rights deals are not one and done, they are partnering, leagues need to communicate with networks about scheduling, access to players, content sharing, and crisis management - Communication has to manage backlash such as when games move from TV to subscription services - Communication doesn’t just enable media rights agreements to happen- it also shapes how they are understood, justified, and accepted by audiences - In the NFL the money is distributed equally through tv deals - Gives teams a competitive balance and parity and all media contracts are league wide Careers in sport communication Sport coms is a multi billion dollar industry Jobs in this have an impact on everything such how a team handles a crisis to how an athletes brand is perceived by fans Employability: sport communication careers are growing as leagues and teams invest in media, digital content, and fan engagement What employers look for ? * Adaptability and creativity * Writing, problem-solving, teamwork * Tech skills Career pathways - Media and Journalism, Team/League PR, Agencies and sponsorship, Digital and social media, Analytics and results - Media relations coordinator, PR specialists some tasks include press releases and crisis communications - Working for a team or league communications department is about managing the organization’s relationship with the public and the media These professionals write press releases These roles often involve long hours and fast-paced work during the season but it is a great way to build relationships in the industry - Agencies provide services to multiple clients- brands athletes , or teams rather than working for a single organization - This work can involve sponsorship activation, PR campaigns, event planning or athlete representation - Agency life can be fast paced, creative and varied with exposure to different sports and campaigns Digital and social media jobs - Creating content online. Get familiar with tools such as Canva and adobe creative suite \ - Data analysts and strategists involve using data to make strategic decisions - Jobs might include customer relationship management analyst, engagement analyst, or data strategist - Event communications - Handle messaging, media logistics, and fan engagement at live events - Could include writing scripts, coordinating press access, or managing social media during games These roles require good organizational skills and the ability to stay calm under pressure Live events often present challenges such as  weather delays, technical issues, or last minute changes Communications lead updating fans in real time during a weather delay at a major tournament. It highlights the importance of clarity, speed, and professionalism Esports and emerging roles It is a rapidly growing segment of the sports industry , with opportunities in PR, event production, influencer partnershipsand community management Thursday September 18th, 2025 One of the key goals in sport communication is building and strengthening fan identification The more a fan identifies with a team/ athlete the more likely they are to be loyal Fans who interact more frequently feel a stronger personal connection Sports fan: - follower of sport who is actively interested and engaged most take emotion over knowledge - For fans what matters is the intensity of feeling , loyalty, and personal investment - This emotion dimension is critical for sport communicators, it’s gut and emotion and it isn’t cerebral - Understanding that fans are motivated by passion not just information helps us design messages, campaigns, and experiences that resonate on a personal level. Characteristics of sports fans: certain behavioral and engagement characteristics Time commitment many sport fans spend an hour a day consuming sport related media - Sports fans are active information seekers they seek out news, stats, behind the scenes content, and expert analysis - For sports communicators understanding timely, relevant, and easily accessible across multiple channels - Die hard fans follow trade rumors, injury updates, or live statistics apps there consuming and actively participating TNT approach stands for timely, noteworthy, and targeted Timely: fans want information when it matters most this could mean live updates during a game Noteworthy: the content has to be meaningful and emotionally engaging fans respond to stories, milestones, or dramatic moments Targeted: fans aren’t all the same, messages must resonate with the right audience segment or engage across the spectrum The TNT approach is about how fans filter messages Every message a fan receives is interpreted through their past experiences, perceptions, and personal preferences Two fans can receive the same message and react very differently depending on the history of the team ***A key factor is this filtering process is fan identification, feel a strong personal connection to their team or sport *** * These connections often extend into what are called parasocial relationships one sided emotional bonds * Messages need to be crafted with an awareness of fan history, emotional investment, and social context - Recognizing parasocial connections also opens opportunities to build engagement - One key aspect is sentiment assignment the ways fans interpret messages as positive or negative - Sentiment is not binary - Highly invested fans tend to have stronger emotional reactions Fanship personal identification with a team or sport - Fandom social identification with the larger fan community Birging: basking in reflecting glory Fans often take pride Corfing: cutting off reflected failure Social   Why scanning and monitoring matter - Informs strategy and decision making - Identifies trends, threats, opportunities - Anticipates issues before they escalate Systematic search for relevant information: Internal and external Converts data->information-> knowledge * Requires interpretation, not just collection - Scanning strategic foresight. Identify emerging trends, issues, opportunities inform strategy - Monitoring tactical awareness. Track ongoing communications, events They can be the same thing but for a different response Scanning is what does this say about fan sentiment Monitoring is do we need to act on this now Scanning is a structured process used to monitor the environment and gather information to anticipate issues, identify trends Internal environment: team performance player injuries, staff changes, operational challenges External environment: competitors, league regulations, social trends, public sentiment, media coverage * These fall under environmental scanning * Media and social media scanning Traditional media: newspapers, tv, radio, and sports websites Social media: Twitter, Instagram Stakeholder scanning: Includes fans and season ticket holders, sponsors and corporate partners, players and coaches, league officials, local community Competitive scanning Monitor what rival teams, leagues, or organizations are doing Identify trends in promotions, campaigns, fan engagement, or crisis management Analysis and reporting - Collect and organize the scanned data into actionable insights - Summarize trends, identify emerging issues, and propose communication responses - Integration with communication strategy The scanning insights feed directly into messaging, media relations, crisis communication, and fan engagement campaigns - Enables proactive communication Different purpose - Scanning is proactive identifies emerging trends, issues or opportunities helps in strategic planning - Monitoring reactive tracking ongoing communications, events, and stakeholders Scope Scanning is broader covers internal and external environments often periodic Monitoring narrower tracks specific platforms, campaigns, or issues continuous Outcome Scanning informs strategy planning what might happen next Monitoring operational decisions and immediate actions what might happen now Test info Chapters from test and lecture material components include short answer true and false, multiple choice and scenarios Thursday September 25th, 2025 What do we mean by diverse fan bases - Cultural and linguistic diversity - Racial, ethnic, and national identities - Gender and sexuality - Age and generational divides - Socioeconomic status, disability, religion Why it matters - Expanding global and local audiences - Multiculturalism in home markets - Avoiding exclusion or backlash - Ethical responsibility to be included - Expanding the brand Cultural norms in sport communication - Individualism vs. collectivism - Colour and symbolism - Tone, humor, and gestures - Gender expectations in sport media - Local taboos or sensitives - Language and translation - Literal vs cultural translation - ASL - Social media and demographics - Different platforms=different audiences - Visual vs. text based messaging - Private vs. public interactions Inclusive visual representation Who appears in your marketing diverse bodies, families, languages, abilities Avoiding tokenism - Authentic storytelling from real communities - Fans need to see themselves reflected in the sport content they consume everyone must belong - Images and authenticity one of the most powerful ways to communicate inclusivity and who appears in them - A sensory safe stadium that provides the accommodations to make the experience more comfortable Spot the assumption Who is being represented? Who is being left out? What assumptions are made about the fan base?   bottom line - same source different intent - scanning “what does this about a fan sentiment and communication opportunities - monitoring what is scanning - in sports communications, scanning is structured used to monitor the environment and gather information anticipate issues, identify trends and guide communication strategies 1.environmental scanning - this is about looking at the broader context in which your sports organization operates it includes - internal environment team performance player injuries staff changes operational challenges - external environment competitors league regulations social trends public sentiment media coverages 2.media and social media scanning - sports organizations needs to know what’s being said about them - traditional media: newspapers, tv, radio and sports websites - social media( twitter tik tok) 3.stake holder scanning - key stakeholder can include - fans and season ticket holders monsters and corporate partners - players and coaches - leauge offices league community’s 4.competitive scanning - monitor what rival competitors are doing - deity trends in promotions campaigns fan engagement 5.analysis and reporting - collect and organize the scanned date into actionable insights - summarize trends, identify emerging issued and purposes communication responses - present to decision makers to guide strategy 6.interaction with communication strategy - the scanning insights feed directly into messaging media relations crisis communications and fan engagement campaigns - enables proactive communication rather than reactive responses Thinking about monitoring scanning * proactive, big picture * deals to identify emerging trends issues or opportunities before the become urgent * helps in strategic planning and shaping long term communication strategies * example: noticing a rising trend of fan activism online that could affect sponsorship next season monitoring: * reactive, continuous tracking scope scanning * broader in scope covers internal and external environments, industry trends media landscape stakeholder expectations * often periodic weekly monthly quarterly monitoring * provides data for operational and immediate actions * helps answer: “what is happening now” ? “how should’ve we respond?” * in the moment In a nutshell 🌰 - In short - scanning =strategic foresight - monitoring= tactical awareness - scanning tools looks ahead monitoring keeps you grounded in what’s happening now. learning objectives What do we mean by diverse fan bases * cultural and linguistic diversity * Racial, ethic and national identities * gender and sexuality * age and generational divides * socioeconomic status’s, disability religion -communication is being seen a lot more in sign language The way it was - back then white make dominant - white spectators wore straw hats and that’s the way it was done - diversity in sports as it’s an industry and brings in money as well as if it. right why it matters - expanding global and local audiences - multiculturalism in home markets - avoiding exclusion or backlash - ethical responsibility to be inclusive expanding the brand - brand loyalty across diverse groups - republicans buy sneakers too- MJ on not endorsing Harvey grant cultural norms in sport communication * individualism vs collectivism * colour and symbolism * tone, humour, and gestures * gender expectations in sport media * local taboos or sensitivities language & translation - [x] literal vs cultural translation - [x] multicultural media content - [x] code switching audience adaption social median and demographics - different platforms = different audiences - tiktok vs facebook vs twitter vs x (less flashy wouldn’t be on tik tok where facebook reached and older audiences) - visual vs text based messaging - private vs public intentions - context creation is not really seen on facebook but if anything through market place inclusive visual representation - who appears in your marketing? - divers bodies families languages abilities - avoiding tokenism - authentic storytelling form real communities a lot of trends are going towards diversity ex uni like taking pictures of diverse friend groups to draw in an inclusive environment. shows someone looking at the picture visual representation that they may fit into this place and we see it in commercial. Going beyond performative fans need to see themselves reflected in the sport content they consume this isn’t about checking a box it’s about shaping a story where everyone can belong inclusion must feel real, not performative or shallow . images & authenticity - one of the most powerful ways to communicate inclusivity is through images - who appears in your marketing? - do they represent the actucal makeup of your fan base? - do they include women, radicalized fans, LGBTQ+, supporters Sensory safe - same sports like to communicate excitement with an array of sights and sounds (strobing etc) and that communication from can be problematic for a diverse audience - a sensory safe stadium( or sensory friendly venue) is a sports arena that provides accommodations to make the experience more comfortable

Behavioral Neuroscience Exam 2 Taboo Terms

Religious Taboos: Key Terms and Concepts

Exam 3 Notes: Witchcraft, Religion, Myths, Taboos, and the Internet

social conventions & taboos

TABOO

Taboo Charades

Slang, taboo language, Dysphemism, Swearing

United Nations : Sustainable Development Goals No Poverty: Eradicate poverty in all its forms everywhere. Zero Hunger: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture. Good Health and Well-being: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. Quality Education: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. Gender Equality: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. Clean Water and Sanitation: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. Affordable and Clean Energy: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. Decent Work and Economic Growth: Promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation. Reduced Inequalities: Reduce inequality within and among countries. Sustainable Cities and Communities: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable Responsible Consumption and Production: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns Climate Action: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. Life Below Water: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources for sustainable development. Life on Land: Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all, and build effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels. Partnerships for the Goals: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development. UNESCO World Hentage -Tubattana Reef -Puerto Prinsesa Subterranean River -Hamigitan Heritage Park -Baroc , Churches Of the Philippines -Cordillera Terraces -Vigan City FILIPINO TRAITS ●KAN YA KANYA or TAYO TAYO - Crab mentality ●NINGCAS COGON - magaling lang sa una ●MANANA HABIT - mamaya na lang ●ETHNO CENTRIC - superior mentality ●XENOCENTRIC - inferior mentality ●EXTREME PERSONALISM - pinipersonal ●PORMA OVER SUBSTANCE - prioritizing appearance or structure over content or substance ●REMEDYO ATTITUDE - kahit sira na inaayos parin ●CHEERFUL- Taclobanon People Wave migration theory - Beyers Core population theory - F. Landa Jocano Tabon cave - Indigenous evolution - Taboon Man( Palawan ) - Robert Fox Pre - Spanish Period Social Class Maharlika - nobles , raja , datu Timawa - Free men Alipin - may bahay ( aliping namamahay - nakatira sa banay ng amo (aliping saquiquilid.) BARANGAY 30-100 Families RELIGION PAGANISM - Polytheistic ANISM - Gun , moon BABAYLAN - mediator BATHALA - Supreme being APO LAKI - Fertility & war IDYANALE - labor and goodness ECONOMY FIRST TRADERS *Traders From Champa Vietnam - Orang Dampuan *Traders From Indonesia - Banjarmasins *Traders during Ming Dynasty - Chinese Government DATU - low maker , Leader UMALOHOKAN - town crier *FIRST SCHOOL OF PRE - COLONIAL Filipinos Bothoan - primitive / survival essentialism. *FORM OF PUNISHMENT - TRIAL BY ORDEAL > WATER > FIRE > WOUND *CUSTOMARY LAWS - Orally transmitted *COMMUNITIES MUMMIFICATION - Cordilleras / Igorots PINTA DOS - tattooed people BAYBAYIN - first system of writing ALIBATA - second system of writing Meso - cuneiform Egyptians - hieroglyphics India - Indus Script *SANDUGUAN - Sealing Friendship - blood Compact - Legaspi and Sikatuna *BETHROTAL - engagement in pre his panic era *DOWRY - originated in India. TERMS TO REMEMBER *MAI - gold in mindoro *MAKHDUM - Arab missionary who brought Islam in the philippines. *SULU - First Sultanate *ABU BAKR - Founded the First Sultanate *External Criticism - EXTERNAL/FORM - INTERNAL / CONTENT *COMING OF WEST TREATY OF TORDE SILLAS - Portugal, East, West, Spain SOCIAL CLASSES DURING THE COLONIZATION *PENINSULARES - born in spain , *MESTIZO - dugong banyaga / Foreigner . *INSULARES - born in the philippines but spanish. *PRINCIPALIA - ilustrados educated - enlightened . *INDIO - natives SPANISH POLICIES *PUEBLO - town *TRIBUTO - buwis / tax *AYUNTAMIENTO - trade center *ALCADIA - pacified *CABECCERAS - town center *REDUCCION - resettlement *CORREGIMIENTOS - unpacified *INDULTO DE COMERCIO - privilege government in trade. *BAN DALA - Product tax *POLO Y SERVICIO - Force labor *POLO WORKER - polista *FALLA - exemption fee *FRAILOCRACY government led by friars Centralized. Spanish Expeditions Magellan's expedition: Set sail in 1519 to find spices in the Moluccas.  Garcia Jofre Loaisa's expedition: Set sail in 1525 to settle the Philippines.  Sebastian Cabot's expedition: Set sail in 1526 to settle the Philippines.  Alvaro de Saavedra's expedition: Set sail in 1527 to settle the Philippines.  Ruy López de Villalobos' expedition: Set sail in 1542 to settle the Philippines.  *Magellan first to circumnavigate the earth but died in the Philippines during his voyage because of Lapu-lapu. first sandugoan member in the Philippines. archipelago of St. Lazarus Order of Missionaries Augustinians Franciscans Dominicans Recollects Benedicts Belief in God through "Faith" - Augustine Belief in God through "Reasons" - Thomas Royal Audencia - supreme court Cabessa de Barangay - tax collector MAGELLAN'S EXPEDITION-March 16 , 1521 Writer - Pigafietta Interpreter - Enrique Malaca Expeditions: Trinidad, San Antonio, Victoria, Santiago, Concepcion FIRST BLOOD COMPACT IN PHIL - MAGELLAN & COLAMBO. FIRST BLOOD COMPACT IN BOHOL - SIKATUNA & LEGASPI MARCH 31 , 1521 FIRST MASS IN LIMASAWA FR . VALDERAMA APRIL 7th , 1521 - Cebu( TO BAPTIZED BY JUMABON ) 14th - ( to plant the cross ) TO BAPTIZE JUMABON WIFE 21th - Battle of Mactan 27th - Magellan died

COGNITIVE APPROACH BTEC KEY TERMS TABOO answers

General Psychology Unit 1 - TABOO

Communicative Competence, Barriers Of Communication And Strategies To Avoid Communication Breakdown Communicative Competence Communicative Competence Refers To Both The Tacit Knowledge Of A Language And The Ability To Use It Effectively. It Is Understanding And Using Language Effectively In Authentic Social And School Environments. Canale And Swain'S Model Of Communicative Competence Michael Canale And Merrill Swain Identified These Four Components Of Communicative Competence: Grammatical Competence Includes Knowledge Of Phonology, Orthography, Vocabulary, Word Formation, And Sentence Formation. Sociolinguistic Competence - Includes Knowledge Of Sociocultural Rules Of Use. It Is Concerned With The Learners' Ability To Handle For Example Settings, Topics And Communicative Functions In Different Sociolinguistic Contexts. Discourse Competence - The Learners' Mastery Of Understanding And Producing Texts In The Modes Of Listening, Speaking, Reading And Writing. It Deals With Cohesion And Coherence In Different Types Of Texts. Strategic Competence Refers To Compensatory Strategies In Case Of Grammatical Or Sociolinguistic Or Discourse Difficulties, Such As The Use Of Reference Sources, Grammatical And Lexical Paraphrase, Requests For Repetition, Clarification, Slower Speech, Or Problems In Addressingstrangers When Unsure Of Their Social Status Or In Finding The Right Cohesion Devices. What Is Communication Barrier? Gaps In Communication Any Factors That Prevent Us From Effectively Exchanging And Understanding Messages. Example: Use Of Jargons, Emotional Barriers And Taboos, Lack Of Attention And/Or Interest, Distractions, Or Irrelevance To The Receiver, Differences In Perception And Viewpoint, Physical Disabilities Like Hearing Or Speech Defects, Physical Barriers To Non-Verbal Communication, Language Differences, Cultural Differences, Etc. Types Of Barrier Language Barrier Psychological Barrier Physiological Physical Systematic Attitudinal Language Barrier The Difference In Language And Linguistic Ability That Act As Barriers In Communication. However, Even When Communicating In The Same Language, The Terminology Used In A Message May Act As A Barrier If It Is Not Fully Understood By The Receiver. Physical Barrier It Refers To Any Physical Limitation That Can Interfere With The Communication Process. Example: The Geographic Distance Between The Sender And Receiver. This Can Also Involve Both Verbal And Non-Verbal Communication As You Don’T Hear Exactly What The Other Person Is Saying. Examples: Noise, Poor Lighting, Distance Between Speakers, And Physical Obstructions Between Speakers. Psychological Barrier The Psychological State Of A Person Will Influence How The Message Is Sent, Received, And Perceived. It Prevents People From Fully Expressing Their Emotions Or Feelings To One Another. Example: If Someone Is Stressed, He/She Might Be Very Impatient Which Could Affect How He Sends And Receives Messages And It Could Result To Misunderstanding. Physiological Barriers Physiological Barriers May Result From The Receiver’S Physical State. For Example, A Receiver With Reduced Hearing May Not Grasp A Spoken Conversation Especially If There Is Significant Background Noise. Systematic/Systemic Barriers It May Exist In Structures And Organizations Where There Are Inefficient Or Inappropriate Information Systems And Communication Channels, Or Where There Is A Lack Of Understanding Of The Roles And Responsibilities For Communication Attitudinal Barriers It May Result From Personality Conflicts, Poor Management, Resistance To Change, Or Lack Of Motivation. Effective Receivers Of Messages Should Attempt To Overcome Their Own Attitudinal Barriers To Facilitate Effective Communication. Strategies To Avoid Communication Breakdown Apply Positive Self-Talk And Perception. Use Appropriate Language. Be Open. Suspend Your Own Judgment, Ideas, And Beliefs. Give And Accept Feedback. The 7 C’S Of Effective Communication Clear Complete Concise Concrete Considerate Correct Courteous Communicative Competence Is The Implicit Knowledge Of Language And The Ability To Use It Effectively. Sometimes, There Are Barriers In Communication That Could Lead To Communication Breakdown. Some Of These Are Language Barriers, Psychological, Physiological, Physical, Systemic, And Attitudinal Barriers. When We Experience One Of These Barriers, We Must Remember The Strategies To Avoid Communication Breakdown. We Must Be Positive, Use Appropriate Language, Be Open And Suspend Our Judgment And Lastly, Give And Accept Feedback. We Could Also Use The 7 C’S Of Communication Which Is An Effective Tool In Communication. It Includes Clarity, Completeness, Conciseness, Concreteness, Consideration, Correctness And Courtesy. If We Can Follow These, We Can Effectively Communicate Our Thoughts And Ideas For A Better Connection

Norms (Folkways, Mores, Taboo, Laws)