Starnes/Tabor, The Practice of Statistics for the AP® Course, 7e, Unit 7, English

t distribution

A distribution described by a symmetric, single-peaked, bell-shaped density curve centered at 0 that is completely specified by its degrees of freedom (df) and has more area in its tails than the standard normal distribution. When performing inference about a population mean μ based on a random sample of size n using the sample standard deviation sx to estimate the population standard deviation σ, use a t distribution with df = n − 1.

standard error of the sample mean x

The standard error of x estimates how much the sample mean x typically varies from the population mean μ in repeated random samples of size n.

one-sample t interval for a mean

Confidence interval used to estimate a population mean μ when the population standard deviation σ is unknown.

paired data

The result of recording two values of the same quantitative variable for each individual or for each pair of similar individuals.

paired t interval for a mean difference

Confidence interval used with paired data to estimate a population mean difference.

one-sample t test for a mean

A significance test of the null hypothesis that a population mean μ is equal to a specified value, when the population standard deviation σ is unknown.

paired t test for a mean difference

A significance test of the null hypothesis that a population mean difference is equal to a specified value, usually 0.

two-sample t interval for a difference in means

Confidence interval used to estimate a difference in the means of two populations or treatments, when both population standard deviations are unknown.

two-sample t test for a difference in means

A significance test of the null hypothesis that the difference in the means of two populations or treatments is equal to a specified value (usually 0), when both population standard deviations are unknown.