Results for "state power"

7. Increasing State Power. Geopolitics and Warfare between 1650 and 1800

Federal and State Powers in the U.S. Government

State Powers and Interstate Relations

Set 6: Native American Civilizations, Maritime Empires, Challenges to State Power

Unit 4 Independent states are theprimary building blocks of the world political map. State~ A geographic area with a permanent population defined borders, sovereign government and is recognized by other states Defined territory with borders Permanent population Government Sovereignty~The Authority of a state to govern itself including domestic and international affairs Recognition from other states Nation~ a group of people with a shared culture, language,history,homeland and self-determination Nation-state~ is when the borders of the nation match the borders of the state- a state with (ideally) only one nation within it. Stateless nations~are nations of people without a state to occupy. multi state nation~ consists of a nation of people that live in more than one state. Multinational state~is a country with various ethnicities and cultures within its borders. Autonomous or semi autonomous~region is a location within a state that is given authority to given authority to govern independently from the national government. Nation-State~ A sovereign state with a relatively homogeneous population that has a shared language, culture and history. Multinational state~ A state that has more than one nation within it borders Multi State Nation~ A nation that spreads across multiple sovereign states Stateless nation~A nation that has history of self-determination but does not have a recognized state Autonomous regions~ A geographic area that is located within a state and has a high degree of autonomy from the state Semi-autonomous regions~ A geographic area that is controlled by another state but only has a moderate degree of self governance Stateless Nation Lack Control over their political boundaries A government with sovereign authority Control over internal and external affairs Recognition from other states Colonialism~ The practice of acquiring territories and settling there to exert political, economic and social control over the area Imperialism~ The idea of growing a state or empire by exerting force over other nations to gain economic and political power without establishing settlements Decolonization~ The process by which a colony becomes independent of the colonizing country Devolution ~ The transfer of power from a national government to regional governments Territoriality~How people use space to communicate ownership territory that connects to their culture,economic system or political interests Political Power~ defined as control over people, land and resources. Neocolonialism~The use of political, cultural or economic power to influence or control other countries Shatterbelts~ Areas where countries or people are subjected to political,cultural and economic pressure from, external power that are in conflict with each other Demilitarized Zone~ An area between two states which cannot be occupied or used for military purposes Choke points ~A strategic narrow route providing passage through or to another region Defining Boundaries Defined~ A boundary is agreed upon fixed and set Demarcated~ The process of marking a boundary Antecedent~ Borders that are established before there has been major settlement by people in a territory. Subsequent boundary- Borders that develop along with the development of the cultural landscape Consequent: Type of subsequent boundary- A boundary that was established to settle conflict between opposing cultural ethnic or political groups Geometric Boundary- Borders that follows lines of latitude and longitude Superimposed Boundary~ a boundary that was created by a foreign state or group Relic- Border that no longer exists, but has left some imprint on the local cultural or environmental geography. Frontier ~ A geographic area where no state has direct power or control over ____________________________________________________________________________ Boundaries~are defined, delimited, demarcated and administered. On land and in the water. An expression of political power and territoriality. Used to establish sovereignty. Subject to change and conflict. Sometimes correspond with cultural or economic divisions. International Boundaries~ Boundaries that separate one sovereign state from another and are established through treaties and agreements between neighboring states Definitional Boundary Dispute ~ A boundary dispute that takes place over the interpretations of the original documents that defined the boundary Locational Boundary Dispute~ A boundary dispute over the location of the boundary and the ownership of the land Operational boundary Dispute~ A boundary dispute on how to manage the boundary and handle Diferent issues/ situations that occur on the boundary Voting Districts ~ A geographical area organized together for the purpose of administering elections Redistricting~ The process for redrawing districts after the census has occurred Gerrymandering~ The process of redistricting a voting district to favor one political party over another (IMPACTS OF GERRYMANDERING) Representatives do not reflect the beliefs of the people Decreasing the competition in political races Weakens the democratic process Creates safe districts Cracking~The process of spreading like minded voters out across multiple districts packing ~ The process of stacking like minded voters into just a few districts to reduce the impact of their vote in other districts Unitary State~ Power is located in the central or national government Federal State~ power is shared between the central/National government and regional governments Devolution ~ The transfer of power from a national government to regional governments Devolutionary Factors Physical geography of a state Divisions between different cultural groups Political instability Economic and social divisions Governments abusing their power Irredentism Self-determination~ The right or desire for a nation or group of people to govern themselves Ethnic Separatism~ when a person or group starts to identify more as their own ethnic group than as a citizen of the state Ethnic cleansing~ When a government organization or group of people attack an ethnic group in a state with the goal of pushing the group of people out of the state Irredentism~ A movement by a nation to unite other parts of its nation that are located in another state Disintegrate~ When a state breaks up into smaller parts Democratization~ A process through which a political regime becomes more democratic Supranational Organization~ An alliance which consists of multiple countries traditionally three or more that work together to achieve a common goal or address specific issues/ challenges that impact the states. Supranational Organization Member countries agree to abide by the rules and regulation set by the organization Member countries surrendered some of their autonomy and sovereignty ____________________________________________________________________________ Centripetal forces~ Aspects of a society that unite people and bring them together Centrifugal Forces~Aspects of a society that divide a group of people and push them apart Failed State~ A state that no longer has a functioning government Ethnic Nationalist Movement~ When a cultural group wants to separate or wants to control themselves based on a specific ethnicity or nationality Maritime Boundaries Why do they matter? Trade & shipping routes Fishing rights Oil reserves Defense Landlocked countries are at significant disadvantage! Highly disputed, just like land boundaries

4.6: Internal and External Challenges to State Power 1450-1750 a

Foundational Documents Flashcard Front: Federalist No. 10 Back: Argues for a large republic to control factions; pluralism prevents any one group from dominating. Flashcard Front: Brutus No. 1 Back: Anti-Federalist paper arguing against a strong central government; fears loss of liberty and state power. Flashcard Front: Federalist No. 51 Back: Separation of powers and checks and balances are necessary to prevent tyranny. ⸻ Key Supreme Court Cases Flashcard Front: Marbury v. Madison (1803) Back: Established judicial review—SCOTUS can strike down laws as unconstitutional. Flashcard Front: McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Back: Affirmed federal supremacy and implied powers (Necessary & Proper Clause). Flashcard Front: United States v. Lopez (1995) Back: Limited Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause; federalism victory. Flashcard Front: Baker v. Carr (1961) Back: Opened the door to “one person, one vote” redistricting under the Equal Protection Clause. Flashcard Front: Citizens United v. FEC (2010) Back: Political spending by corporations and unions is protected speech under the First Amendment. ⸻ Key Concepts Flashcard Front: Separation of Powers Back: Division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising core functions of another. Flashcard Front: Checks and Balances Back: System allowing each branch to amend or veto acts of another branch to prevent overreach. Flashcard Front: Federalism Back: The division of power between federal and state governments. Flashcard Front: Participatory, Pluralist, and Elite Democracy Back: Models of democracy explaining different roles of citizens and groups in policymaking.

House or State power

Unit Seven: Shifts in State Power (1900-Present)

Sociology and State Power Concepts

Federal/State Powers, Supremacy, the Elastic Clause, and Judicial Review

AP WORLD Unit 7: Shifts in State Power (1900-Present)

Set 6: Native American Civilizations, Maritime Empires, Challenges to State Power

Set 6: Native American Civilizations, Maritime Empires, Challenges to State Power

Chapter Review 1 - 3 Definitions Power/authority/legitimacy Government/Politics Policymaking wheel Pluralism/Elite Class Theory/Hyperpluralism Self-Government (Colonial Legislatures)/French-Indian War = Taxes Stamp Act Resistance to taxes Interaction with British Soldiers Massacre/Tea Party Declaration of Independence Bitter attack against the King, NOT Parliament Lockean Ideas Natural Rights Consent of the Governed = Representative Government = Popular Sovereignty (government rests with the people; made government legitimate) Limited Government Standing Laws Preservation of Property = principle purpose of government Right to Revolt Common Sense Revolution Conservative Revolution Articles of Confederation (1781 Power with the states Few powers outside maintaining an army and a navy (though not a standing Army Unanimous Consent to pass new laws 9/13 to Amend No power to tax No executive branch No judicial branch No power to regulate interstate and foreign commerce No common currency No uniform bankruptcy laws (Shay’s Rebellion) Changes in the States States adopted bills of rights, abolished religious qualifications for holding office and liberalized requirements for voting Farmers and Artisans (new middle class) taking over legislatures (especially in the North) Ideas of egalitarianism among white males driving force Economic Turmoil New middle class more sympathetic to debtors and were passing laws favoring debtors over creditors Shay’s Rebellion 1786 Series of attacks on courthouses Spread to other states Frightened economic elites Push for change = Constitutional Convention Constitutional Convention (May 1787) 55 elites Human Nature Men were selfish, out for money and power (Hobbes) Political Conflict Unequal distribution of property (wealth) Led to factions (interest groups/political parties) Government should check the effects of factions Purpose of Government Preservation of Property Nature of Government Power set against power so no one faction would overwhelm others Separation of powers and Checks and Balances (Montesquieu) Equality Issues Connecticut Compromise 3/5 Compromise Voting determined by states Economic Issues Beard Commerce/Slave Trade Compromise Coining $ Levy Taxes Borrow/Spend Uniform bankruptcy Laws Assumption of Debt Individual Rights Issues Prohibits suspension of the writ of habeas corpus No bills of attainder No ex post facto laws Prohibits religious qualifications for holding office Trial by jury Narrowly defines treason Madisonian Model Reconciling Majority Rule (those without property/wealth) with the protection of Minority Rights (wealthy) Majority rule is the most fundamental element of democratic theory Electoral System Visual Put as much government as possible beyond the power of the majority More democratic today 17th Amendment Electoral College mimics the popular vote in each state Separation of Powers/Checks and Balances Creating a federal system of government An additional check on the national government Set up a Republic, not a Democracy System based on consent of the governed in which representatives of the public exercise power Ratification Federalists v Anti-Federalists Federalist Papers Bill of Rights Barron v Baltimore Constitutional Change Federalism Two or more levels (national and state/local) of government, each with significant policymaking power No other practical choice in 1787 People were more loyal to States Compare with Unitary and Confederate Constitution guarantees states equal representation in the Senate (an example of federalism; Senators look after the interests of their state, rather than a district) National Supremacy Supremacy Clause Civil War Civil Rights Movement 10th States’ Rights Advocates An assertion that States have independent powers of their own, not a declaration that State powers are superior to those of the national government 11th Amendment Sovereign immunity McCulloch v Maryland Supremacy of the national government when acting in accordance with the Constitution Doctrine of Implied powers Necessary and Proper Clause aka elastic clause Regulation of food and drugs, interstate highways, clean up air and water, minimum wage, military draft Commerce Power Gibbons v Ogden NLRB v. Jones Wickard v Filburn US v Lopez and US v Morrison Printz v US and NFIB v. Sebelius Decentralizes politics (more access points to government) AND Decentralizes policies (Allows states to act as laboratories and to have different policies regarding the same issue) States’ Obligations to each other Full Faith and Credit Privileges and Immunities The more fundamental the right (owning property and police protection), the less likely it is that a state can discriminate against citizens of another state Saenz v Roe (1999) Privileges and immunities clause of the 14th amendment Extradition Intergovernmental Relations Shift from dual federalism (layer cake) to cooperative federalism (marble cake OR 50 marbled cakes) Cooperative Federalism Interstate highways Education Shared costs Shared administration Federal guidelines Strings (conditions) for receiving federal funds (raising the drinking age to 21) Devolution 1994 Congress Transferring of responsibility for policies from the federal government to state and local governments Repeal of federal speed limit laws More latitude in dealing with welfare policy Soon reversed course Found turning the federal government and restricting state power as a means to achieving policy objectives Health care and immigration Tea Party Movement Push for more devolution Fiscal Federalism Pattern of taxing, spending and providing grants in a federal system Grants Making Categorical Grants Project Formula Grants Block Grants 1996 Welfare Reform Act Mandates Requirements that direct state or local governments to provide Additional services under threat of penalties or as a condition of receipt of federal grants Medicaid NFIB v Sebelius ADA (1990) NCLB (2002) Place financial burdens on states Diversity in Policy Education funding Welfare Payments Discourages states from providing services Death Penalty

Set 6: Native American Civilizations, Maritime Empires, Challenges to State Power

APES 4.6 Internal and External Challenges to State Power

4.6: challenges to state power

4.6-Internal and External challenges to State Power

Unit 4: Internal and External Challenges to State Power