4.6: Internal and External Challenges to State Power 1450-1750 a

Queen Nzinga employed diplomatic negotiations and military tactics to challenge Portuguese forces. She formed alliances with neighboring kingdoms and led her troops into battle, showing strong resistance against colonial encroachment.

How did Queen Nzinga resist Portuguese colonial expansion in Central Africa?

The primary goal of the Fronde was to oppose royal authority and resist the centralization of power by Cardinal Mazarin and the monarchy, which had intensified under Louis XIV.

What was the primary goal of the Fronde civil disturbances in France (1648–1653)?

The Pugachev Rebellion was triggered by widespread discontent among serfs and Cossacks due to oppressive policies, heavy taxation, and military conscription under Catherine the Great's regime.

What triggered the Pugachev Rebellion in Russia under Catherine the Great?

Mughal Empire's oppressive rule and taxation policies.

The Maratha Rebellion was primarily a reaction to:

Forced labor, cultural suppression, and religious persecution

What caused the Pueblo Revolt of 1680?

The Maroons were enslaved Africans who escaped plantations and established free communities. They resisted colonial rule and maintained African cultural practices.

Who were the Maroons in Jamaica?

It was one of the first recorded slave revolts in the British North American colonies, involving enslaved Africans who sought freedom.

What made the 1663 Gloucester County Rebellion notable in colonial Virginia?

The war resulted in the defeat of the Native American coalition led by Metacom, significantly reducing the Native population in New England and ending major resistance to colonial expansion.

What was the outcome of Metacom’s War (1675)?

The Glorious Revolution occurred due to widespread discontent with King James II's rule, particularly his Catholicism, autocratic governance, and disregard for parliamentary power, which led to his overthrow and the establishment of constitutional monarchy.

Why did the Glorious Revolution occur in England in 1688?

The establishment of constitutional monarchy and increased parliamentary power in England.

What was a long-term result of the Glorious Revolution?