AP WORLD Unit 7: Shifts in State Power (1900-Present)

What were the effects of the collapse of empires in the 20th century?

The collapse led to the rise of new states, ideologies such as communism and nationalism, and various conflicts.

What reforms were attempted by the Young Turks in the Ottoman Empire?

They overthrew the Sultan and implemented modernization reforms, including political elections and secularization.

What was the main outcome of the 1917 Russian Revolution?

The overthrow of Tsar Nicholas II and the establishment of the communist Soviet Union (USSR).

What were the main causes of World War I?

Militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism fueled rising tensions.

What triggered the start of World War I?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary on June 28, 1914.

What characterized World War I as a 'Total War'?

Entire nations, including civilians, contributed and were targeted during the war, and governments controlled the economy and society.

What new military technology was significant in World War I?

Machine guns, chemical warfare, and tanks, which made warfare more deadly.

How did the Treaty of Versailles affect Germany after World War I?

Germany was blamed for the war, forced to pay reparations, and saw its military reduced.

What economic crisis did Germany face in the early 1920s?

A hyperinflation crisis where the value of the German mark collapsed, leading to extreme inflation.

What was the purpose of Stalin's Five-Year Plans?

To rapidly industrialize the Soviet Union and collectivize agriculture.

What led to the outbreak of World War II?

The Treaty of Versailles, aggression from Germany, Italy, and Japan, economic instability from the Great Depression, and policies of appeasement.

What was the Holocaust?

The genocide orchestrated by Nazi Germany, resulting in the murder of six million Jews and millions of others.

What strategies contributed to the Allied victory in World War II?

Total war mobilization, strategic bombing, the use of atomic bombs, and unity among the Allied Powers.

What was the Mandate System?

A League of Nations policy that allowed victors of World War I to control former Ottoman and German territories rather than granting independence.

What impact did anti-imperial resistance movements have on colonial rule?

They grew stronger as nations sought self-rule, eventually contributing to independence movements after World War II.

What was the significance of the Balfour Declaration?

A British statement supporting the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

What role did propaganda play during World War I and World War II?

It was used to bolster morale, demonize enemies, and promote nationalist sentiments among the public.

What did the term 'Blitzkrieg' refer to in World War II?

A fast and coordinated military strategy used by Germany involving air power and speedy ground assaults.

What were some consequences of World War II?

Mass destruction, the Holocaust, and the beginning of the Cold War along with decolonization efforts.

How did the Great Depression influence global politics?

It led to the rise of authoritarian regimes in many countries as people sought strong leadership during economic turmoil.