A Mastectomy Results In Physical And Emotional Truama. Pt Must Grapple The Cancer Diagnosis And The Impact Of The Physical Changes With S/O. Pelvic Examination, Which Involves Visualization And Palpation Of The Vulva, The Perineum, The Vagina, The Cervix. The Ovaries, And The Uterine Surfaces. Bimanual Pelvic Examination Progresses From The Visualization And Palpation Of The External Genital Organs For Edema And Irritations To An Inspection For Abnormalities Of The Internal Organs. To Visualize The Cervix And Vaginal Mucosa A Vaginal Speculum. (An Instrument Used To Enlarge The Vaginal Opening) Rectovaginal Examination To Evaluate Abnormalities Or Problems Colposcopy (Colpo, Vagina Or Vaginal; And Scopy, Observation) Provides Direct Visualization Of The Cervix And Vagina. Douching Or Having Intercourse Within 24 Hours Of The Examination Is Not Recommended. Mask Abnormal Cells And Reduce The Specimens Available For Collection. A Speculum Is Inserted Into The Vagina. The Vaginal Walls May Be Swabbed With An Iodine Or Vinegar Solution To Remove Surface Mucus To Improve Visualization Culdoscopy Culdoscopy (Cul-De-Sac; And Scopy, Observation) Is A Diagnostic Procedure That Provides Visualization Of The Uterus And Uterine Appendages (I.E., The Ovaries And Fallopian Tubes). Prepare The Patient For The Vaginal Operation With Preoperative In-Structions. Local, Spinal, Or General Anesthetic. After The Anesthetic Is Administered, The Patient Is Assisted To A Knee-Chest Position. Passed Through The Posterior Vaginal Wall. Examined For Tumors, Cysts, And Endometriosis. Conization (Removal Of Eroded Or Infected Tissue) May Be Done. Assess For Bleeding, Assess Vital Signs, And Monitor Voiding. Laparoscopy Laparoscopy (Examination Of The Abdominal Cavity With A Laparoscope, Inserted Through A Small Incision Made Beneath The Umbilicus) Provides Direct Visualization Of The Uterus And Its Appendages. Insertion Of A Foley Catheter To Maintain Bladder Decompression For An Open View. Carbon Dioxide May Be Introduced To Distend The Abdomen For Easier Visualization. Biopsy Is To Be Done Or Organs Are To Be Manipulated, A Second Incision May Be Made In The Lower Abdomen To Allow For Instrument Inser-Tion. Observed For Masses, Ectopic Pregnancy, Adhesions, And Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (Pid). Instruct The Patient Of The Probability Of Shoulder Pain Afterward Because Of Carbon Dioxide Introduced Into The Abdomen. Papanicolaou Test (Pap Test) Speculum Is Used To Widen The Vagina, Allowing Access To The Cervix. Exfoliative (I.E., Peeling) And Sloughed-Off Tissue Or Cells Are Collected From The Cervix, Stained, And Examined Specimens Must Be Labeled With The Date, Time Of The Last Menstrual Period, And Whether The Woman Is Taking Estrogen Or Birth Control Pills Instruct Not To Use A Douche, Tampon Or Vaginal Medication Or Have Sexual Intercourse For At Least 24 Hours Before Examination Between Ages 25 And 65 Years A "Pri-Mary Hpv Test Every 5 Years. Hpv Testing Is Not Available, Screening May Be Done With Either A Co-Test That Combines An Hpv Test With A Papanicolaou (Pap) Test Every 5 Years Or A Pap Test Alone Every 3 Years. Negative Findings Will Indicate The Woman Will Not Need Additional Testing Until The Time Defined By Her Age Category. Abnormal Findings Of Mild Dysplasia Will Be Monitored And Follow-Up Testing Completed. Bethesda System Is Preferred Because It Allows Better Communication Between The Cytologist And The Clinician. Evaluates The Adequacy Of The Sample Powder Fe, Whether Or Not It Is Satisfactory For Interpretation And Provides A General Classification Of Biopsy Biopsies Are Procedures In Which Samples Of Tissue Are Taken For Evaluation To Confirm Or Locate A Lesion. Tissue Is Aspirated By Special Needles Or Removed By Forceps Or Through An Incision. Breast Biopsy Is Performed To Differentiate Between Benign Or Mali Perfo Conditions Of The Breast Indicated For Patients With Palpable Masses; Suspicious Areas Appearing On Mammogra-Phy; And Righly Recommends Persistent, Encrusted, Purulent, Inflamed, Or Sanguineous Discharge From The Nipples Fine-Needle Aspiration: In Fna, Fluid Is Aspirated From A Palpable Breast Mass And Expelled Into A Specimen Bottle. Pressure Is Placed On The Site To Stop The Bleeding, And An Adhesive Bandage Is Ap-Plied. Fna May Or May Not Require A Local Anes-Thetic, And Typically Is Done In The Health Care Provider'S Office. • Stereotactic Or Ultrasound-Guided Core Needle Biopsy: Core Needle Biopsy Is A Reliable Diagnostic Technique To Obtain A Breast Biopsy If An Abnormal Mass Is Seen On The Mammogram. The Skin Is Anesthetized, And A Small Incision Is Made. Under The Guidance Of Ultrasound Or Stereotactic Imaging, A Biopsy Gun Is Used To Fire The Core Needle Into The Lesion To Remove A Sample Of The Mass. Compared With An Open Surgical Biopsy, This Procedure Produces Less Scarring, Requires Only Local Anesthesia, Is Less Expensive, And Is Done On An Outpatient Basis. Patients Must Be Advised To Stop Aspirin Or Blood Thinning Products 3 To 5 Days Prior To The Procedure And To Avoid Talcum Powder And Deodorant The Day Of The Procedure Open Surgical Biopsy: In An Open Surgical Biopsy, An Excisional Biopsy Usually Is Performed In A Portion Of The Breast To Expose The Lesion And Then Remove The Entire Mass. Specimens Of Selected Tissue May Be Frozen And Stained For Rapid Diagnosis. The Wound Is Sutured And A Bandage Applied. The Incision Site Is Monitored For Bleeding, Tenderness, And Erythema Johns Hopkins, N.D.A.). A Cervical Biopsy Is Done To Evaluate Cervical Lesions And To Diagnose Cervical Cancer. The Biopsy Generally Is Done Without Anesthesia. A Colposcope Is Inserted Through The Vaginal Speculum For Direct Visualization, The Cervical Site Is Selected And Cleansed, And Tissue Is Removed. The Area Then Is Packed With Gauze Or A Tampon To Check The Blood Flow. An Endometrial Biopsy Is Performed To Collect Tissue For Diagnosis Of Endometrial Cancer And Analysis Lor Infertility Studies. The Procedure Generally Is Performed At The Time Of Menstruation , When The Cervix Is Dilated And Cells Are Obtained More Easily. The Cervix Is Anesthetized Locally, A Curette (A Spoon-Shaped Instrument Used To Obtain Samples From The Wall Of A Cavity, Is Inserted, And Tissue Is Obtained From Selected Sites Of The Endometrium.
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