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PTP - Factories

"Dark factories" with no human workers soon be the norm

factories

Hideki Tojo Prime Minister of Japan during WWII Ervin Rommel The German general known as the "Desert Fox" for taking over Northern Africa. He then lost it to Allied forces after the Battle of El Alamein Douglas MacArthur American general, who commanded allied troops in the Pacific during World War II. "A date which will live in infamy" a description by President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the day of the Japanese attack on Pearl harbor- December 7,1941. Roosevelt was addressing Congress, asking it to declare war on Japan. 1. Destroy the U.S. Pacific Fleet 2. Give the Japanese domination of the Pacific Ocean 3. Give the Japanese a free path to the United States Reasons why the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor Declared war on Japan What did the US Congress do the day after Pearl Harbor at the request of President Roosevelt? Battle of El Alamein 1942-British victory in WWII that stopped the Axis forces from advancing into Northern Africa Battle of Stalingrad Unsuccessful German attack on the city of Stalingrad during World War II from 1942 to 1943, that was the furthest extent of German advance into the Soviet Union. German 6th Army German army that fought at the Battle of Stalingrad, very few survived due to the harsh winter and being taken to Soviet prison camps in Siberia after the battle Battle of Coral Sea A battle between Japanese and American naval forces that stopped the Japanese advance on Australia. Battle of Midway U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II. Island Hopping A military strategy used during World War II that involved selectively attacking specific enemy-held islands and bypassing others Doolitle Raid The first attack carried out by the US military against the Japanese in response to Pearl Harbor Admiral Nimitz Commander of the Pacific Fleet during WWII; defeated Japanese Fleet in the Battle of Midway Discovered the Japanese planned to attack Midway What did Captain Joseph Rochefort discover after Pearl Harbor and the Battle of Coral Sea? Women in Germany would not be invovled in the fighting Why were the Germans surprised to see the Soviet women fighting against them? Because no other Field Marshal had ever surrendered in the history of the German Army Why did Hitler make General Paulus a Field Marshall toward the end of the Battle of Stalingrad? Mobilization the process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war Kamikaze Japanese suicide pilots who loaded their planes with explosives and crashed them into American ships. Rosie the Riveter A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in the factories. It became a rallying symbol for women to join the war effort. 1. Segregation throughout the country 2. Segregation throughout the military 3. Racial tensions and riots in northern cities Ways in which African Americans faced discrimination during WWII Japanese Internment Camps The forcible relocation of approximately 110,000 Japanese Americans to housing facilities called "War Relocation Camps", in the wake of Imperial Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor. Sacrifice their resources, and sometimes their lives, for the national cause What did traditional habits of obedience and hierarchy encourage Japanese citizens to do throughout the war? Chinese and Korean prisoners Who did the Japanese bring in to meet their work shortages throughout the war?

5 Steps Master Research Help Businesses make smart decisions Sampling is the process of gathering date from a subset of the Population, rather than from all members of that particular group. Collect Relevant Information Secondary Date: Data ALSo been Collected by our else Inside: Sales reports, Customer records external: Gov Stats, industry reports, articles, online fork Primary Data: Fresh Date you getter Directly for your research. watch's how customers behave, Derived Demand: Pizza creates demand for pizza boxes, Box Factories need paper. Size of order or purchase: Businesses buy in bulk, Companies have strict policies for Buying (No impulse Purchases. you know the buyers when you sell a Jet for 1 million $ B2B Buying Behaviour Buying isn't just about price-its bout trust Rest, and survival, A Bad Choice can sent a business

Be able to define the importance of the following terms: Causes of WWI Militarism Competition drives tension between countries Motivated to beat each other at having better navy/military Germany had a strong military, were ready to fight if conflict broke Alliances Countries had to defend each other (strength in numbers) Fragile alliance system Minor conflict escalate Imperialism Reason of increased rivalry/competition Fight over land Nationalism Competition to prove supremacy Led to ethnic conflicts Countries were confident in their abilities to win a war Kaiser Wilhelm II Ruled by divine right More ambitious/expansionist than Wilhelm I Wanted “a place in the sun” for Germany Wanted to be a part of the Great Powers of Europe “a place in the sun” 1890- dismisses Bismark Archduke Franz Ferdinand Archduke of Austria Assassinated by Gavrillo Princip (sent by Serbia) *Spark of WWI* Wanted to unite Slavic people in Balkans WWI Technological Innovations Mechanized Warfare - led to trench warfare Machine guns: shot many bullets at a time, helped with defense, not offense, took too many men to operate Artillery: took a lot of time to work, not useful, U-Boats: helped Germany have an advantage over Britain Poison gas: lethal if inhaled, helped Germans slow down their enemies before attacking Tanks: could go in and out of trenches, British used them as a surprise attack against the Germans Planes: made after realizing using the airspace was advantageous Western Front Trench Warfare No fast victories/failed plan (stalemate created) Gases used by Germans to suppress enemies’ ability to fight well At first, gases were a little harmful, later, Mustard Gas would be used, which caused deadly “injuries” Gas attacks hid soldiers, allowed them to get into the enemy trench Rifles/machine guns were too heavy/large for offense Dogs warned soldiers of gas, were good companions, and delivered messages You would be shot if you stuck your head out of the trench No Man’s Land Ground between the trenches of two opposing sides Where fighting occurs, most dangerous area Wilson’s 14 Points President Wilson outlined these points to create lasting peace after WWI Open diplomacy (no secret treaties/alliances) Free navigation of seas Free trade Universal reduction of arms Adjustment of colonial claims -13. Redrawing countries’ boundaries to reflect the ethnicity of the people living there (self-determination) 14. League of Nations ↓↓↓ League of Nations International peacekeeping body Aimed to prevent future wars “Big Four” Leaders of 4 countries came together in Paris to negotiate the Treaty of Versailles Britain- Lloyd George* Italy- Vittorio Emanuel Orlando France- Georges Clemenceau* U.S.- Woodrow Wilson* *The Big Three Paris Peace Conference Treaty of Versailles: Ended WWI - Germany had to accept harsh terms forced by the “Big Four” Rhineland was occupied/demilitarized Reparations: Germany had to pay the total cost of war War-Guilt Clause: Germany had to accept blame for the war (loss of territory/all colonies) Alsace-Lorraine → France Eastern Germany → Poland Danzig → League of Nations Second part ↓↓↓ Be able to understand the concepts of the following themes: Describe the four major causes of World War I. Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism Describe some of the conditions of trench life for soldiers. Harsh conditions led to longer battles Had to stand in trenches and look out for gases that Germans would throw Gas masks would be hot+uncomfy/soldiers had to breathe shallowly so that masks would not fog up Had to carry heavy machine guns/rifles across no man’s land Had to check gas masks for tears Rifles needed to be well cleaned Feet had to be dried otherwise, they could get trench foot as they were standing in muddy and waste-filled water Would eat dinner at noon Soldiers only got to sleep at night for an hour at a time If they slept on the job, they could be sentenced to death Played cards and wrote letters to families to pass the time Explain the impact of World War I on civilians. Civilians were essential to war effort (Home-front) Civilians had to ration food, barely had any supplies Had to eat any animals they found Propaganda was used to- Make them buy war bonds Encourage women to tell their sons/husbands to enlist Ration food for the soldiers Make it easier for civilians to hate the enemy Increase agricultural production Women worked in factories/nursed soldiers Were affected by the chemicals Took up male-dominated work fields Identify the effects of the Treaty of Versailles de

Thẻ ghi nhớ: FACTORIES-PART 1 | Quizlet

AP U.S. History - Unit 7, Topic 2: American Imperialism (1898-1945) Definition of Imperialism Expansion of a country’s political, economic, and military influence over another. U.S. begins imperial expansion with the purchase of Alaska (1867) for $7.2 million (known as "Seward’s Folly"). Discovery of gold in 1898 increases interest in expansion. Westward expansion mindset extends beyond the continent after the closing of the frontier. Arguments for Imperialism Economic Interests Desire for raw materials (e.g., gold in Alaska). Need for new markets to sell American goods (manufactured & agricultural). Social Darwinism Belief that stronger nations naturally dominate weaker ones. Expansion seen as a way for the U.S. to become a world power. Racial & Religious Justifications Josiah Strong's book Our Country (1885): Argues Anglo-Saxon race is superior and must “civilize” others. Expansion is a Christian duty to spread Western civilization. Military & Strategic Reasons Alfred Thayer Mahan’s The Influence of Sea Power Upon History (1890): Nations with strong navies dominate world affairs. U.S. builds a steel navy and seeks territories for naval bases. Leads to the race for Pacific and Caribbean islands (e.g., Hawaii, Guam, Philippines). Arguments Against Imperialism Self-Determination Nations should have the right to govern themselves. Same argument used by Americans to justify independence from Britain. Tradition of Isolationism George Washington’s Farewell Address warned against foreign entanglements. Expansion could lead to unwanted wars and conflicts. Racial Concerns Debate over whether the Constitution follows the flag: If the U.S. takes over a territory, do its people become American citizens? Many anti-imperialists opposed granting rights to non-white populations. Key Takeaways Imperialists supported expansion for economic, military, and ideological reasons. Anti-imperialists opposed it on the grounds of self-determination, isolationism, and racial concerns. The debate shaped U.S. foreign policy and led to further territorial acquisitions, setting the stage for U.S. involvement in global affairs. End of Notes. The Spanish-American War & American Imperialism Background: The American Empire Late 19th-century industrialists and politicians sought U.S. expansion. Cuba, a Spanish colony, was a key target for expansion. 1895: Cuban nationalists rebelled against Spain, but Spain crushed the revolt. Yellow Journalism & the Path to War Yellow Journalism: Sensationalized news stories exaggerated Spanish atrocities in Cuba. Key figures: Joseph Pulitzer & William Randolph Hearst Encouraged U.S. intervention on humanitarian grounds. 1898: The U.S.S. Maine exploded in Havana Harbor, killing 200+ Americans. Yellow journalists blamed Spain, fueling war fever. Later investigations found the explosion was accidental. President McKinley issued an ultimatum to Spain; Spain agreed but the U.S. declared war anyway. The Spanish-American War (1898) Short war: America won and emerged as an imperial power. Effects of the war: Cuba gained independence, but the Platt Amendment gave the U.S. the right to intervene militarily. Philippines annexed after U.S. forces, led by Theodore Roosevelt, defeated Spain. Filipinos, expecting independence, rebelled under Emilio Aguinaldo → Led to the Philippine-American War (1899-1902). Hawaii annexed (1898) for strategic reasons (midpoint to the Philippines). The Open Door Policy (1899) China was divided into European spheres of influence. U.S. Secretary of State John Hay sent the Open Door Note to European powers, requesting equal trade access in China. Outcome: European powers did not reject the request, so the U.S. claimed success in securing trade rights. Significance The Spanish-American War marked the U.S.’s entry into imperialism. The U.S. expanded its influence globally through military power and economic policies. Let me know if you want any modifications! The Progressive Era (1890s-1920s) Main Idea: The Progressive Era was a time of social, political, and economic reform in response to issues caused by industrialization, urbanization, and corruption. Progressives believed government intervention was necessary to fix these problems. Who Were the Progressives? A diverse group: Protestants, feminists, labor leaders, African Americans, journalists Focused on issues like: Big business power (monopolies) Economic instability (Panic of 1893) Labor conflicts (strikes) Political corruption (machines like Tammany Hall) Jim Crow segregation Women’s suffrage Alcohol prohibition Muckrakers (Investigative Journalists) Exposed corruption and poor conditions in society Upton Sinclair - The Jungle (unsanitary meatpacking industry) Ida Tarbell - Exposed Standard Oil’s unfair business practices Jacob Riis - How the Other Half Lives (urban poverty and tenement conditions) Political Reforms (Expanding Democracy) Secret Ballot – Ended political bosses controlling votes. Direct Election of Senators (17th Amendment, 1913) – Senators now elected by the people instead of state legislatures. 18th Amendment (Prohibition, 1919) – Banned alcohol (led by groups like the Anti-Saloon League). 19th Amendment (Women’s Suffrage, 1920) – Gave women the right to vote. Initiative, Referendum, Recall – Gave citizens more power to propose, approve, and remove laws/politicians. Government Efficiency & Scientific Management Frederick Taylor’s "Scientific Management" (Taylorism) – Applied efficiency techniques to government & industry. Black Progressives & Civil Rights Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) – Legalized segregation (“separate but equal”). Niagara Movement (W.E.B. DuBois) – Advocated for immediate black rights. NAACP (1909) – Fought for racial justice through legal action. World War I (Unit 7, Topic 5) Causes of U.S. Involvement in WWI War Begins (1914): After Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated, two alliances formed: Allied Powers: Britain, France, Russia (formerly Triple Entente) Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy (formerly Triple Alliance) U.S. Neutrality: Initially stayed out of the war but faced mounting pressure due to events: Sinking of the Lusitania (1915): A German U-boat sank a British passenger ship, killing 128 Americans. Public outrage followed, but neutrality was maintained. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare: Germany resumed sinking ships, including American vessels. Zimmermann Telegram (1917): Germany proposed a military alliance with Mexico, promising to help regain lost territory if the U.S. joined the war. The U.S. intercepted the message, pushing Wilson to act. U.S. Declares War (1917) April 2, 1917: Woodrow Wilson asked Congress to declare war to “make the world safe for democracy.” American Expeditionary Forces (AEF): Led by General John J. Pershing, U.S. troops bolstered Allied forces and played a crucial role in turning the tide of the war. End of the War & Treaty of Versailles (1918-1919) November 11, 1918: Armistice signed, ending fighting. Treaty of Versailles (1919): Wilson proposed the Fourteen Points, advocating for self-determination, freedom of the seas, and the League of Nations. Britain and France sought to punish Germany, leading to harsh reparations and restrictions. League of Nations created, but the U.S. did not join due to congressional fears of being dragged into future wars. World War I: The Homefront (Unit 7, Topic 6) Total War & Mobilization The U.S. fully mobilized its economy, industry, and society for war. War Industries Board: Managed labor & factories to produce war supplies. Food Administration: Regulated food production for soldiers and civilians. Rural-to-urban migration increased as people sought industrial jobs. Civil Liberties & Government Control Espionage Act (1917) & Sedition Act (1918): Criminalized anti-war speech & draft resistance. Schenck v. United States (1919): Supreme Court ruled speech creating a "clear and present danger" (e.g., resisting the draft) could be restricted. Government censored reports on the Spanish Flu to maintain war morale. The First Red Scare (1919-1920) Fear of communist infiltration after the Russian Revolution. Palmer Raids: Over 6,000 suspected radicals, labor leaders, and immigrants arrested; 500+ deported. Immigration Restrictions Emergency Quota Act (1921) & National Origins Act (1924): Limited immigration, especially from Southern/Eastern Europe & Asia. Rooted in nativism (opposition to immigrants, especially Catholics & Jews). The Great Migration Large numbers of Black Americans moved from the South to Northern cities (e.g., Chicago, New York) for job opportunities & to escape Jim Crow laws. Faced discrimination & race riots in the North (e.g., 1919 race riots, Tulsa Race Massacre (1921)—300 Black people killed, 10,000 homeless)

Here’s your revised and organized notes: ⸻ Main Causes of the Boom WWI • Took place 1914-1918. • America joined in 1917. • Sold products to Britain and allies throughout the war. • Loaned money to Britain and allies, which was later used to buy war supplies from the USA. • America took over production due to disruptions in Europe. • No post-war destruction in the USA. • More jobs for soldiers when they returned. Government Policies • Republican government helped businesses. • Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act: Placed a tariff on goods imported from abroad. • Encouraged Americans to purchase American goods. • Tax cuts for the rich so more jobs could be created. • More money to buy consumer goods. New Ways to Buy and Sell • Advertising: billboards, magazines, newspapers. • Catalogs: people living in rural America could buy consumer goods. • Hire purchase plan: Spread out costs over a long period of time. Consumer Society • Americans became obsessed with buying things. • Advertisements encouraged people to spend their paychecks on new items, boosting the economy. • Benefited wealthier people, as they had more access to electrical products. Mass Production • Goods were not made by a single person but by many people on a conveyor line. • Ford invented it in 1913 to make his Model T car, which got cheaper every year. • 1925 price of the car: $290 (instead of the earlier $850). • Meant employees had to be trained for only one job on the line. • Goods were produced quickly and in bulk, making them cheaper and increasing profits. • Business owners benefited as they could mass-produce products faster and in better working conditions. ⸻ How Were Their Lives Affected? Factory Workers (Cotton & Wool) • Did not benefit. • Less demand for their products due to man-made fibers such as rayon. • Fashion used less fabric. • Prices fell, factories closed, and people were laid off. • Economic effects: drop in employment. African Americans (Did Not Benefit) • Sharecroppers had to give a portion of their land as rent. • Farmers lost out as there was a much lower demand for food after Europe began to redevelop. • Many Black people without jobs were unable to get new ones due to institutional racism. • Economic and social disadvantages. Farmers (Did Not Benefit) • Europe recovered and didn’t require American crops, leading to high unemployment. • 600,000 people unemployed. • High-tech meant more food was produced, lowering production costs but also leading to oversupply. • Economic struggles as they couldn’t sell goods to Europe, which was self-sufficient. • Combine harvesters and tractors allowed for greater production but didn’t help struggling farmers. ⸻ This structure makes it easier to follow and connects the causes of the boom with its effects

Key Terms and Events • Laissez-Faire – French for “Leave it alone,” a theory promoting minimal government intervention in the economy. • Impressment – Forcing individuals into public service, especially into the navy. • Embargo – A government order stopping trade with other countries. • Industry – The production of goods by businesses and factories. • Interchangeable Parts – Standardized parts that can be replaced in manufactured products. • Mass Production – A method of producing goods quickly and cheaply in large quantities. • Cotton Gin – A machine that separates cotton fibers from their seeds. • Eli Whitney – Inventor of the cotton gin and interchangeable parts. • Electoral College – A system in which electors choose the president and vice president. • Louisiana Purchase – Land deal under Thomas Jefferson in which the U.S. bought territory from France, doubling its size. • Tecumseh – Shawnee leader who allied with the British and fought against U.S. settlers in the west. • Sacagawea – A Shoshone woman who guided Lewis and Clark on their expedition to the Pacific Ocean. • Steam Engine – A machine powered by coal-heated steam, allowing factories to be built away from water sources. The Election of 1800 • John Adams, Aaron Burr, and Thomas Jefferson faced off. • Jefferson and Burr tied. • Alexander Hamilton convinced a congressman to break the tie in favor of Jefferson. • The 12th Amendment was created to prevent future electoral tie issues. Thomas Jefferson’s Presidency • Focused on: • Limiting government intervention (Laissez-Faire approach). • Promoting agriculture. • Encouraging self-sufficiency. • Introduced judicial review, strengthening the judicial branch with checks and balances. • Encouraged western expansion and trade along the Mississippi River. The Louisiana Purchase and Westward Exploration • With U.S. expansion, Congress organized an expedition. • Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were chosen to explore the new territory. • Along the way, they met Sacagawea, who served as an interpreter and guide. Tensions with Britain and France • Both nations attempted to block U.S. trade. • The U.S. imposed an embargo on both, which backfired and hurt American merchants. • In 1808, James Madison was elected president. • The Star-Spangled Banner was written during this period and later became the national anthem. • Dolly Madison saved a famous portrait of George Washington during the War of 1812. Industrialization and Economic Shifts • As the U.S. expanded, industry grew, especially in the North. • Early factories were powered by watermills; later, steam, oil, and gas were used. • The textile industry became the dominant industry in the North. • Francis Lowell built a major textile factory in Boston. • Eli Whitney’s contributions: • Interchangeable parts – Allowed for standardized gun manufacturing. • Cotton gin – Sped up the cotton cleaning process. The South and the Rise of Cotton • Cotton became highly profitable, increasing demand for enslaved labor. • The cotton gin made cotton processing more efficient. • In 1808, the international slave trade was banned, but enslaved labor remained crucial to the Southern economy. Life of Enslaved Workers • Men worked as blacksmiths, carpenters, and painters. • Women worked as maids, cooks, and childcare workers. • Children served as household servants and field laborers. • Some enslaved individuals were rented out to work in factories. • Most had little to no education. • Forms of resistance included breaking tools and equipment. • Harsh punishments were given for defiance or escape attempts. • Many families were separated through slave auctions. Nat Turner’s Rebellion (1831) • Nat Turner and his followers attacked and killed several Virginia plantation owners and their families. • Turner was captured two months later, tried, and executed. • The rebellion led to even harsher conditions for enslaved people in the South in

Identifying with one's own nations and support of its interests Idea that Nation (people) should be the state (country) Nation People who share a common culture, language, territory, and government 1848 Revolutions Wanted liberal change, heavily influenced by ideas of Enlightenment -Democratic -Nationalistic Italy was divided into multiple kingdoms and city states Northern Italy to rebel and unite under King Victor Emmanuel of Piedmont Sardinia Constitutional monarchy Giuseppe Garibaldi leads Red Shirt rebels in the south Too radical and southern Italians join with northern Kingdom of Piedmont and Sardinia 1871 Italy Fully United Italy becomes united under Constitutional Monarchy Prussia and Austria emerge as two major German powers Otto Von Bismarck Chancellor of Prussia Unite German people under Prussian leadership Realpolitik Politics based on reality not morals 1871 German Empire created Ottoman empire Ruled by Turks Extremely diverse Culturally Ethnically Religiously Ottoman empire Muhammad Ali fights war with Ottomans Tie results in Egypt being independent Selim III tries to modernize and reform based on enlightenment Janissaries resist Balkans independence Russia supports fellow Slavs, Serbia effectively Independent 1815 Western Europe helps the Greeks (nationalism/racism) Greece Independant 1829 Ottoman empire loses territory in Europe and Africa to independence movements Ottoman empire known as “the sick man of Europe” Topic 5.3 Industrial Revolution Begins Thematic Focus - Economics Systems (ECN) As societies develop, they affect and are affected by the ways that they produce, exchange, and consume goods and services. Learning Objective  1 Explain how economic systems transformed during the period of 1750-1900. Historical Developments Summarize industrialization and its impact. (see 5.3 reading guide) Industrialization, the increased mechanization of production, and the Social! changes that accompanied this shift, had their roots in several influences. Such as Increased agricultural production and greater individual accumulation of capital. I reshaped Society, increasing world population, shitting people from farm to city, and expanding the production and consumption of goods Thematic Focus - Humans and the Environment (ENV) The environment shapes human societies, and as populations grow and change, these populations in turn shape their environments. Learning Objective 2 Explain how environmental factors contributed to industrialization from 1750 to 1900. Historical Developments Britain’s Industrial Advantages • Mineral and colonel resources - used resources for fuel and manufacturing  • Good environment - rives made transportation cheap • Strong fleet- let resources from colonies to be brought to Britain shortly  • Growth- farmers growing more food meant fewer people had to grow their own • End enclosure movement- The government stopped providing farmland which made people move to urban places  Describe the features of the Cottage Industry • It's a pull-out system • Merchants proved cotton to women who spun it into finished cotton at home • Cotton industries gave women independence •  The cotton industry was slow so people demanded faster processes, due to people wanting faster process it led to faster machinery  Explain the development of the factory system and how it relates to specialization of labor.  The factory system used special machinery was also a new way of making products, it increased efficiency and reduced the need for manual labor. It was similar to specialisation of labor the increase efficiency and productivity in production Topic 5.5 Technology of the Industrial Age Thematic Focus - Technology and Innovation (TEC) Human adaptation and innovation have resulted in increased efficiency, comfort, and security, and technological advances have shaped human development and interactions with both intended and unintended consequences Learning Objective 3 Explain how technology shaped economic production over time. Historical Developments A. Explain the impact of the technologies of the first Industrial Revolution. Factory system technology improved systems and grew technologies to be more efficient  Steam engine Powered trains→ Bigger train industry, used for traveling jobs, replacing sails trade and fast communication around the world   Coal Used to heat up stream from the steam engine but causes pollution  B. Explain the impact of the technologies of the Second Industrial Revolution.   Steel Bessmer process mass produces steel from pig iron making railroads Chemicals Led to the development of new materials and product Electricity Has powered machinery, led to an increase in population/efficiency in factories  Oil Was used for cars/mechanic cars, to power cars focused on maximizing product efficiently  C. Explain how technologies impacted trade and migration.  The change increased the rise of maritime trading empires, People were able to shift from farm to city increasing world Production and expanding the production and consumption of goods Topic 5.6 Industrialization: Government’s Role from 1750 to 1900 Thematic Focus - Governance (GOV) A variety of internal and external factors contribute to state formation, expansion, and decline. Governments maintain order through a variety of administrative institutions, policies, and procedures, and governments obtain, retain, and exercise power in different ways and for different purposes. Learning Objective 4 Explain the causes and effects of economic strategies of different states and empires. Historical Developments As the influence of the Industrial Revolution grew, a small number of states and governments promoted their own state-sponsored visions of industrialization.  Answer the following questions to explain the state-sponsored  industrialization of Japan. a. What was the historical situation of Japan in the 1800s?  The emperor was at the highest point of the social hierarchy, but the shogun and daimyo had the power  b. Describe the threat Japan faced from Western powers. The US came with modernized equipment their ships looked intimidating and forced Japan to open trading ports c. What was Japan’s response to the Western threats? Japan created trading ports with the US  and became more modernized  d. Define MEIJI RESTORATION and identify key changes it made.  The emperor wanted to modernize but the Shoguns and daimyo didn’t want to so the emperor won they made Japan modernized by becoming more Westernized and pro-business Topic 5.7 Economic Developments and Innovations in the Industrial Age  Thematic Focus - Economics Systems (ECN) As societies develop, they affect and are affected by the ways that they produce, exchange, and consume goods and services. Learning Objective 9. Explain the development of economic systems, ideologies, and institutions and how they contributed to change in the period from 1750 to 1900. Historical Developments A. Western European countries began abandoning mercantilism and adopting free trade policies. Define the following terms to demonstrate an understanding of the developing economic systems. ADAM SMITH • Wrote “Wealth of Nations”  • Established the idea of private owner ship of industry and business LAISSEZ FAIRE CAPITALISM • Laissez -Faire “Leave Alone” “Hands Off!” ◦ Little to no government involvement in business ◦ Reduce tariffs on trade(don’t penalize imports and exports with tax=free trade) • FREE MARKETS Mercantilism • Government run companies believing ... • fixed amount of wealth • Wealth = amount of silver + Gold you have • Export more than import • Colonies serves as resources STOCK MARKETS capitalism • No limit to earn wealth • supply and  demand should be bought + sold • minimal govt intervention LIMITED-LIABILITY CORPORATIONS Corporation • Business run by lots of people • Stockholders buy parts of companies • corporations made profit  • if Corporations go out of business stockholders only lost the amount they put in the business C. The development of industrial capitalism led to changes in social life. Explain the changes as they relate to -  consumerism Working class and middle class had time to shop and have money from working in the factories standard of living • The working class who worked at the factories lived in the slums which were crowded, unsanitary condition, dirty  leisure time Companies encouraged leisure activities like baseball because it taught hard work, discipline, teamwork, and rule following  Topic 5.8 Reactions to the Industrial Economy from 1750 to 1900 Thematic Focus - Social Interactions and Organization (SIO) The process by which societies group their members and the norms that govern the interactions between these groups and between individuals influence political, economic, and cultural institutions and organization.. Learning Objective 10. Explain the causes and effects of calls for changes in industrial societies from 1750 to 1900. In response to the social and economic changes brought about by industrial capitalism, some governments, organizations, and individuals promoted various types of political, social, educational, and urban reforms A.  Explain how workers organized themselves to improve working conditions, limit hours, and gain higher wages.  Workers rise up and rebeled against the capitalist business owners and they revolted against the upper class B. Discontent with established power structures encouraged the development of various ideologies, including socialism and communism.  Identify the people and key points of each ideology. KARL MARX & FRIEDRICH ENGELS • German journalist • Appalled at the horrible working conditions in the factories • He blamed capitalism • Big business owner dont care about workers- just for profit $$$  SOCIALISM • New governmet ownership of industry  • Resources distributed all • High taxes support government (helthcare,education,safty net) • Goal of classless society  COMMUNISM • Advanced stage of Socialism • Classless society is achieved • Everyone is equal economically, politically, socially therefore… • No government is needed • No $ is needed  •  No need for national borders = world peace C. In response to the expansion of industrializing states, some governments in Asia and Africa, including the Ottoman Empire and Qing China, sought to reform and modernize their economies and militaries. Reform efforts were often resisted by some members of government or established elite groups. Topic 5.9 Society and the Industrial Age Thematic Focus - Social Interactions and Organization (SIO) The process by which societies group their members and the norms that govern the interactions between these groups and between individuals influence political, economic, and cultural institutions and organization. Learning Objective 11. Explain how industrialization caused change in existing social hierarchies and standards of living. Historical Developments A. Because of changing economic systems, new social classes developed during the Industrial Era. Identify and define the 2 new classes.   1. bourgeoisie 2. proletarians B. The Industrial Revolution had a profound impact on the lives of all people. Describe the impacts on the following groups:  Demographic Group Impact Working class • Strict schedules • Low pay • dangerous tasks Family • families had to move to rural to urban • Families lived in slums which were unsanitary  Children • children had to work in factories • Children worked long hours and lower pay • children faced dangerous tasks to do Women • Women had more independence  • Women had shifted from working at home to factories • Early feminism . C. The rapid industrialization and  urbanization led to a variety of environmental challenges. Identify at least 3 environmental problems created by urbanization and the Industrial Revolution.  Air pollution was happening because of factories using coal to for machinery and causing smoke to pollute the air, water pollution was caused by factories dumping toxins into rivers and deforestation because of the population growing in cities natural lands have to be clearing for housing, factories, roads,  Topic 5.10 Continuity and Change in the Industrial Age The final topic in this unit focuses on the skill of argumentation and so provides an opportunity for your students to draw upon the key concepts and historical developments they have studied in this unit. Using evidence relevant to this unit’s key concepts, students should practice the suggested skill for this topic. Learning Objective Explain the extent to which industrialization brought change from 1750 to 1900. Historical Developments • The development of industrial capitalism led to increased standards of living for some, and to continued improvement in manufacturing methods that increased the availability, affordability, and variety of consumer goods. ◦ Railroads, steamships, and the telegraph made exploration, development, and communication possible in interior regions globally, which led to increased trade and migration. • The 18th century marked the beginning of an intense period of revolution and rebellion against existing governments, leading to the establishment of new nation-states around the world. ◦ Enlightenment philosophies applied new ways of understanding and empiricist approaches to both the natural world and human relationships; they also reexamined the role that religion played in public life and emphasized the importance of reason. Philosophers developed new political ideas about the individual, natural rights, and the social contract. ◦ The rise and diffusion of Enlightenment thought that questioned established traditions in all areas of life often preceded revolutions and rebellions against existing governments

polynomial identities for factories

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how orange juice is made in factories

FACTORIES ( NHÀ MÁY )

factories

Factories (Nhà máy)

Factories

Factories