Results for "Double Bond"

You place a RBC (0.9%) into a 5% sugar solution. Which statement below is false? The RBC is hypotonic to the 5% solution Which is an example of a sensor in a negative homeostatic feedback loop? Chemoreceptor in carotid body For membrane fluidity experiment, the part of the experiment that actually validated that the membrane was fluid was: The labeled antibodies of the human and mouse intermixing An example of primary active transport would be a protein requiring ATP to transport sodium ions across the plasma membrane. True If a red blood cell is put in a solution and it hemolyzes, then the solution is considered to be: Hypotonic If your body temperature goes too high you can denature enzymes in your body. True What does an integrator do in a homeostatic pathway? Measures the signal coming in to a set point and send a signal out to the body Which of the following represents stages of the cell division (mitosis) in the proper sequence? Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase Which is not true for proteins? They are comprised of mostly cellulose What would be a disturbance for blood glucose homeostasis (normal blood glucose set point = 77mg/dL)? A permanent decrease in insulin production from the Islets of Langerhans Dr. Bio measures your total cholesterol and he reports back to you that your level is 300 mg/ 100 ml of plasma. You do what? Eat more oatmeal and flax to increase your HDL level. How do you make an unsaturated fatty acid? Perform a dehydration synthesis reaction on a saturated fatty acid Which is false for antioxidants? They speed up reactions in your body Which molecules do not dissolve in water? Non-polar Which molecule requires a transport protein to get through the plasma membrane (either channel or carrier protein)? Two of the answers are correct Interphase is considered to be part of normal cell division (mitosis). False What is the function of ATP? All of the answers are correct What are the three kinds of lipids? Triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids When glycerol combines with 3 fatty acids to form a triglyceride (fat), which of the following chemical reactions has occurred? Dehydration Synthesis How can you alter a protein’s shape? More than one answer is correct If a red blood cell is put into a solution and it maintains its shape, then the solution is considered to be: Isotonic Which molecule requires some type of transport protein to get through the plasma membrane? Sodium Ion Cofactors are molecules that activate enzymes. Which is not a cofactor? Mercury The nitrogenous bases found in DNA have complementary paring. Which pair is correct? C-G Which is not true for meiosis? Results in a gamete that is 2N In the diagram below the two solutions are separated by a semi permeable membrane. In which direction will net movement of water occur? From side A to side B Which is not a component of a DNA molecule: Ribose Sugar Phospholipids are similar to fatty acids except for? Phospholipids have a phosphate group Which is not true for cells? They allow diffusion of all molecules If you combine a molecule of glucose and fructose, which statement is true? You have formed sucrose Which is true for enzymes? Activity will increase until the enzyme becomes saturated What method would you use to get glucose into a cell along/down it’s concentration gradient (from high to low)? Facilitated Diffusion Which is not considered an integrator in a negative homeostatic feedback loop? Pancreas Which phase of the cell cycle is where cytokinesis takes place? Telophase What vitamin do we produce by sitting in the sun; it aids in calcium absorption from the small intestine? Vitamin D Why is it important to think about ion dissociation in the body? All the above In what order do you use macromolecules for fuel? Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins Which is false for cholesterol? It can dissolve in water/blood You place a RBC (0.9%) into a 0.5% sugar solution. Which statement below is false? The RBC is hypertonic to the 0.5% solution Which is not a membrane protein function? Protein synthesis Ingesting (eating) excess hydrophilic vitamins, such as vitamin C, results in excess vitamin C being stored in your tissues. False Diffusion is: The movement of molecules from an area of high molecular concentration to an area of low molecular concentration across a selectively-permeable membrane The hormone responsible for glucose uptake/removal from the blood is: Insulin What method would you use to get sodium ions into a cell against sodium’s concentration gradient (from low to high concentration)? Active Transport Which phase of the cell cycle is where the cell is functioning normally or doing its job? Interphase Evidence for mitochondria once being bacteria that our cells engulfed is: It has it’s own DNA Ionic molecules (ie NA+, K+) can diffuse straight through the plasma membrane. True What is the difference between cis and trans fatty acids? Cis fatty acids have hydrogens on the same side of the carbon double bond and trans fatty acids do not Cofactors are molecules that activate enzymes. Where do we get cofactors from? Vitamins found in fruits and vegetables RNA has what nitrogenous base in place of thymine? Uracil Large polar molecules (ie glucose) can diffuse straight through the plasma membrane? False Which lipoprotein is comprised of more protein and less cholesterol so it scavenges for cholesterol in the blood? High density lipoprotein A normal human being has 46 chromosomes (23 pairs/2N/diploid) in each somatic cell (body cell). True The three main compounds digested by the digestive system are? Fats, carbohydrates, and proteins Meiosis is the process in which our sex cells go from 46 chromosomes to 23 single chromosomes. True The effector in any negative feedback loop is usually: An organ/tissue If a red blood cell is put into a solution and it crenates (shrinks), then the solution is considered to be: Hypertonic Which statement is false for glycogen? It is a disaccharide Enzymes aid in digestion by? Lowering the energy required to break food apart Nonpolar molecules (ie CO2) can diffuse straight through the plasma membrane

KK1. qualitative tests - carbon-carbon double bonds, hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups

HOMEOSTASIS Maintaining a stable internal environment respond to stimuli Reacting to changes in the environment reproduce and develop Creating new organisms and growing adapt and evolve Changing over time to better suit the environment INDUCTIVE REASONING Making generalizations based on specific observations DEDUCTIVE REASONING Making specific predictions based on general principles Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space elements Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances protons Positively charged particles in the nucleus neutrons Neutral particles in the nucleus electrons Negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus Atomic Number Number of protons in an atom Isotopes Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons Octet Rule Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a full outer shell of 8 electrons molecule Two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds compound A substance consisting of two or more different elements IONIC BONDS Bonds formed by the transfer of electrons COVALENT BONDS Bonds formed by the sharing of electrons reactants Starting materials in a chemical reaction products Ending materials in a chemical reaction WATER solvent Dissolves many substances WATER cohesion & adhesion Water molecules stick to each other and other surfaces WATER high surface tension Water's surface resists being broken WATER high heat capacity Water can absorb a lot of heat without changing temperature WATER heat of vaporization Water requires a lot of energy to evaporate WATER varying density Ice is less dense than liquid water acidic solutions Solutions with a pH below 7 basic solutions Solutions with a pH above 7 pH scale Measures the acidity or basicity of a solution buffers Substances that resist changes in pH Organic Molecules Molecules containing carbon carbon The backbone of organic molecules functional groups Chemical groups attached to carbon that give molecules specific properties Macromolecules Large molecules made up of smaller subunits monomers The individual subunits of a polymer polymers Long chains of monomers Dehydration Synthesis Reaction Joins monomers by removing water Hydrolysis Reaction Breaks polymers by adding water Role of Enzymes Speed up chemical reactions Carbohydrates monosaccharides glucose Simple sugars Carbohydrates disaccharides glycosidic bonds Two monosaccharides joined together Carbohydrates polysaccharides starch glycogen cellulose Many monosaccharides joined together LIPIDS Glycerol & Fatty Acids saturated Fatty acids with no double bonds LIPIDS Glycerol & Fatty Acids unsaturated Fatty acids with double bonds PROTEINS Enzymes Proteins that catalyze chemical reactions PROTEINS amino acids peptide bonds The monomers of proteins, joined together PROTEINS protein structure primary The sequence of amino acids PROTEINS protein structure secondary Local folding patterns (e.g., alpha-helices and beta-sheets) PROTEINS protein structure tertiary The overall 3D shape of a single polypeptide PROTEINS protein structure quaternary The arrangement of multiple polypeptides in a protein conformation The 3D shape of a protein denaturation The unfolding of a protein DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid, the genetic material RNA Ribonucleic acid, involved in protein synthesis ATP Adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell

fatty acids double bonds

Types of Chemical Bonds • Single Bond: Shares one pair of electrons. • Double Bond: Shares two pairs of electrons. • Triple Bond: Shares three pairs of electrons. • Ionic Bond: Formed between metal and nonmetal.Types of Chemical Bonds • Single Bond: Shares one pair of electrons. • Double Bond: Shares two pairs of electrons. • Triple Bond: Shares three pairs of electrons. • Ionic Bond: Formed between metal and nonmetal.

names of fatty acids based on carbon number and double bonds

7. Addition to the double bonds and chirality | Quizlet

Carbonyl (carbon-oxygen double bond)

Gases and Double Bonds

Memorize difference between pyridine (5 carbons double bonded n, with no h). Purple, has no double bonded N, and is attached to Hydrogen

Organic Chemistry – branch of chemistry which deals with study of carbon containing compounds their properties , composition, structure , reactions and preparations. Organic compounds – are carbon containing compounds with the exception of carbon dioxide, carbonates and bicarbonate Inorganic Chemistry – branch of chemistry which deals with the study of all elements and compounds other than organic compounds Comparison of the properties of most Organic and Inorganic compounds Properties Organic Inorganic Flammable Yes No Melting point Low High Boiling point Low Hogh Solubility in water Insoluble Soluble Solubility in non polar solvent Soluble Insoluble Type of bond Covalent Ionic bond Reaction occurs between Molecule Ions Atoms per molecule Many Few Structure Complex Simple Electrolyte No Electrolyte Organic compounds A. Hydrocarbon -compounds that contains only carbon and hydrogen 1. Saturated - contains single bond ; Example Alkane ( CnH2n+2) 2. Unsaturated – contains double or triple bond. a. Alkene – contains double bond ( CnH2n ) b. Alkyne - Contains triple bond (CnHn-2 ) c. Aromatic Hydrocarbon - hydrocarbon that contains benzene ring B. Hydrocarbon derivative – compounds that contains carbon and hydrogen and other element such O, N, P,S, halogens. 1. Alcohol - ROH organic compound produced by hydration of alkene 2. Ether - ROR - prepared by dehydration of alcohol 3. Aldehyde – RCHO – prepared by oxidation of primary alcohol 4. Ketone – RCOR – prepared by oxidation of secondary alcohol 5. Carboxylic Acid - RCOOH – prepared by oxidation of aldehyde 6. Amine - organic compound derived from ammonia ( NH3) a. Primary Amine –R NH2 b. Secondary Amine – R2NH c. Tertiary Carbon – R3N 7. Amide – RCONH2 – organic compound prepared by the reaction of carboxylic acid ammonia. 8. Ester – RCOOR – Organic compounds prepared by the reaction of carboxylic acid and alcohol Structural formula - two dimensional structural representation that shows how the various atoms in a molecule are bonded to each other a. Expanded structural formula - show all atoms in a molecules and all bonds connecting them. b. Condensed structural formula – uses groupings of atom in which central atoms and the atoms connected to them are written in a group. c. Skeletal structural formula - show the arrangement and bonding of carbon atoms present in an organic molecule but does not show the hydrogen atom attached to the carbon atom - d. Line angle structural formula - structural representation in which a line represent a carbon-carbon bond and a carbon atom is understood to be present at every point where two lines meet and at the end of the line. Classification of Carbon Atoms 1. Primary Carbon - carbon atom in an organic molecule that is directly bonded to one carbon one other carbon atom. Ex. CH3- CH3 10 1O 2. Secondary carbon atom – is a carbon atom in an organic molecule that is directly attached to two 3. Tertiary carbon - carbon atom in an organic molecule that is directly attached to three other carbon atoms. 4. Quarternary carbon atom - is a carbon atom in an organic molecule that is directly attached to four other carbon atoms. Alkyl group – group of atom that would be obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from an alkane Substituent – is an atom or group of atoms attached to a chain or ring of carbon atoms. Alkane - Saturated hydrocarbon that contains single bond Rules in naming alkane 1. Choose the longest continuous chain as your parent chain 2. Locate the position of the substituent starting from the carbon nearest to it. 3. If there are two or more the same substituents , use the Greek prefixes such as di, tri , tetra, etc. 4. If there are different substituents, write the name in alphabetical order, 5. Use commas between numbers and hyphen between number and letter. Isomer – compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formula CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2- CH3 CH3 – CH2 – CH – CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 – C – CH3 CH3 Cycloalkane – saturated hydrocarbon in which carbon atoms connected to one another in a cycl (ring) arrangement are present. The simplest cycloalkane is cyclopropane.

Single and Double bond Functional Groups (O-CHM 1020)

Common Fatty Acids: Names, Carbon Atoms: Double Bonds, Present in, Structures

BC.06 Double bonds, configurations and conformations

Chapter 23: Polymers and Alcohols

Chapter 22: Alkenes and Acids

Chapter 21: Hydrocarbons and Crude Oil

Chapter 4:Molecular compounds

Chapter 26 - Lipids

Chapter 20 - Dienes, Conjugated Systems, and Pericyclic Reactions