Chapter 4:Molecular compounds

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22 Terms

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Molecular shapes

can be predicted by noting how many bonds and electron pairs surround individual atoms and applying the valence- shell electron- pair repulsion (VSEPR) model.

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Fluorine

is the most electronegative element.

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binary compound

When two different elements combine, they form a(n) .

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covalent bond

The bond formed when atoms share electrons is called a(n) , and the group of atoms held together by is called a molecule.

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Molecules

can be polar if electrons are attracted more strongly to one part of the than to another.

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Structural formulas

, use lines to show how atoms are connected, and Lewis structures, show both the connections among atoms and the placement of unshared valence electrons.

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nuclei of atoms

The electrons act as a kind of "glue "to bind the two together into a molecule.

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electronegativity

The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond.

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covalent bonds

Although metals and reactive non- metals can achieve an electron octet by gaining or losing an appropriate number of electrons to form ions, non- metals can also achieve an electron octet by sharing an appropriate number of electrons in .

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STEP 1

Find the total number of valence electrons of all atoms in the molecule or ion

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STEP 2

Draw a line between each pair of connected atoms to represent the two electrons in a covalent bond

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STEP 3

Using the remaining electrons, add lone pairs so that each atom connected to the central atom (except H) gets an octet

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STEP 4

Place any remaining electrons in lone pairs on the central atom

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STEP 5

If the central atom does not yet have an octet after all electrons have been assigned, take a lone pair from a neighbouring atom and form a multiple bond to the central atom

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STEP 1

Draw a Lewis structure of the molecule, and identify the atom whose geometry is of interest

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STEP 2

Count the number of electron charge clouds surrounding the atom of interest

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STEP 3

Predict molecular shape by assuming that the charge clouds orient in space so that they are as far away from one another as possible

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STEP 1

Name the first element in the formula, using a prefix if needed to indicate the number of atoms

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STEP 2

Name the second element in the formula, and modify by adding the -ide suffix as when naming anions

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bond length

optimum distance between nuclei.

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molecular formula

formulas that show the number of atoms and type on atoms in one molecule of the compound.

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binary compound

When two different elements combine, they form a binary compound.