Viruses of Eukaryotic Cells

Epithelial Cells

Skin cells or mucous membrane cells

Asymptomatic

No symptoms but still have the virus

Wart

A small hard growth on the skin that contains HPV.

Benign

Not cancerous

HPV Proteins E6 and E7

Interfere with cell cycle arrest by interfering with apoptosis

Abrasion

An opening in the skin or tissue

Pap Test

Looks for cervical changes

HPV Test

Identifies HPV in cervical cells

Segmented Genome

Has many segments of the genome which allows for recombination

Antigenic Drift

Genetic shuffling of segments in a single host cell

Antigenic Shift

Mutations that create new strains

Reassortment

Segments have new locations in the cell with new segments

Retrovirus

Viruses that do reverse transcription of RNA to DNA

Reverse Transcriptase

Transcribes RNA into DNA

Latency

Virus integrated into the genome but not reproducing

HAART

Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy targets gp120, reverse transcriptase, integrase and protease

Opportunistic Infection

Infects when immune system is low

Malignancy

Susceptible to develop cancer

(+) RNA

Does not need to be transcribed

(-) RNA

Needs to be transcribed into + RNA

HA Trimer

Attachment of virion for infection (FLU)

NA tetramer

Release of virus from the cell surface (FLU)

gp120

protein binds to CD4 (HIV)

CD4

Receptor on T-cells, macrophages, or dendritic cells

integrase

enzyme integrates viral genome into host genome (HIV)

Protease

Breaks down proteins and peptides (HIV)

Azidodeoxythymidine

Inhibits reverse transcriptase