Early Approaches to Psychology Lecture

Wilhelm Wundt

• disagreed with Galileo and Kant

• the mind can be studied in a lab

• voluntarism: we will what gives us meaning

• mind is creative

• apperception determines perception

• tridimensional theory of feeling: sensations and feelings are categorized by modes, qualities, and durations

• experimental psychology

• intermediate consciousness

• volkerpsychologie

• studied attention shift from one stimulus to another

• set up the first psychology lab in Leipzig

Edward Bradford Titchener

• supervised dissertations

• studied consciousness

• stomach tube experiment

• structuralism

• sensation

• founded The Experimentalists

• mind = experiences of a lifetime

• conscious composed of sensations, affections, and images

• sensations and images form the context theory of meaning

Frans Clemens Brentano

• psychology from an empirical standpoint

• ACT PSYCHOLOGY

• phenomenological methods

• humans act TOWARDS something; love, judge, expect, etc.

• Love vs. Hate

• presentation of judgements

• interest in Gestalt Psychology

Carl Stumpf

• psychology of tone

• Clever Hans Phenomenon (hence the need for double blind studies)

Edmund Husserl

• belief in the individual acting with the environment

• intentionality (outside) & subjectivity (inside)

• pure phenomenology

• Mental Essences: taxonomy of the mind, describe how humans experience themselves and the world

Hermann Ebbinghaus

• memory

• experimental psychology

• studies retention and working memory

• 7 Items Theory: recollection is best of the items in the beginning and end of list, never in the middle