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Samarkand
During the rule of Timur Lane was the most influential capital city, a wealthy trading center known for decorated mosques and tombs; a key trading city along the Silk Roads
Caravanserai
An inn with a central courtyard for travelers in the desert regions of Asia or North Africa; allowed caravans and their camels to rest in a protected environment, encouraging trade
Hanseatic League
An organization of north German and Scandinavian cities for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance; facilitated trade and commercial growth in the 1200-1450 time period
Dhow ships
Arab sailing vessels with triangular or lateen sails; strongly influenced European ship design; facilitated trade in the Indian Ocean networks
Timbuktu
Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning thanks to its location in the trans-Saharan trade networks; universities, mosques, and libraries
Khanate
Four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Ghengis Khan.
Pax Mongolica
The period of approximately 150 years of relative peace and stability created by the Mongol Empire.
Golden Horde
Mongol khanate founded by Genghis Khan's. It was based in southern Russia and quickly adopted both the Turkic language and Islam.
Yuan Dynasty
(1279-1368 CE) The dynasty with Mongol rule in China; centralized with bureaucracy but structure is different: Mongols on top->Persian bureaucrats->Chinese bureaucrats; did not emphasize Confucianism and the civil service exams
Ibn Battuta
(1304-1369) Moroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. His writings gave a glimpse into the world of that time period
Marco Polo
(1254-1324) Italian explorer and author. He made numerous trips to China and returned to Europe to write of his journeys. He is responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged between Europe and China during this time period.
Swahili city-states
Cities along the coast of East Africa that actively participated in Indian Ocean trade: showed syncretism in their language and religion, blending traditional central African beliefs with Islam and Arabic
Zheng He
(1371-1433?) Chinese Ming Dynasty naval explorer who sailed along most of the coast of Asia, Japan, and half way down the east coast of Africa before his death; facilitated China's role in the tribute system in the Indian Ocean trade network
Astrolabe
Instrument used to determine latitude by measuring the position of the stars
Genghis Khan
Also known as Temujin; he united the Mongol tribes into an almost unstoppable fighting force; created largest single land empire in history
Kublai Khan
Mongolian emperor of China and grandson of Genghis Khan who completed his grandfather's conquest of China
Lateen Sails
An innovation in sailing that allowed ships to tack into the wind.
Mali
Empire created by indigenous Muslims in western Sudan of West Africa from the thirteenth to fifteenth century. It was famous for its role in the trans-Saharan gold trade.
Malacca
Flourishing trading city in Malaya; established a trading empire after the fall of Shrivijaya.
Margery Kempe
Wrote the Book of Margery Kempe - considered the 1st autobiography in the English language. Chronicles her pilgrimages to holy sites in Europe and Asia. Claimed to have vision that called her to leave the vanities of the world
Sakk/saqq
Letters of credit that were common in the medieval Islamic banking world. Known as the root for the modern word for "check"
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