HS-350 Exam

1. why is testing important?

2. What do we choose to measure?

3. What decisions are involved in the evaluation process?

3 essential questions to be answered about test and measurement

Depends in first obtaining relevant information

What does making effective decisions depend on?relevant information about the test results and context.

measurement

act of assessing

test

an instrument or a tool used to make the particular measurement

evaluation

a statement of quality, goodness, merit, value, or worthiness about what has been assessed

A maximum amount of oxygen your body can use during intense exercise

What is VO2 Max?

1. VO2 max = 15 x (HRmax / HRrest)

2. Cooper Test = 12 minutes as fast as possible and measure distance

   • HR max —> 220 - age

   • HR rest —> count pulses in 20 sec. x 3

2 ways VO2 max is measured?

Measures aerobic fitness and how efficiently your body uses oxygen

significance of VO2 Max

unless you reference the data to something “evaluation”

why would obtaining and reporting data have little meaning?

norm-referenced (normative)

relative standing

standards

based on??

criterion

against defined criteria

referenced standard

based on??

formative evaluation

occur throughout the instructional, training, and research

initial and intermediate, involve administration of a pretest and the subsequent evaluation of the results

occurs through?

initial and intermediate, involve administration of a pretest and the subsequent evaluation of the results.

occurs through the instructional, training, and research

what is a formative evaluation

final evaluations that are typically at the end of the instructional or training unit

what is summative evaluation

placement

diagnosis

prediction

motivation

achievement

program evaluation

purposes of measurement, testing, and evaluation

Receiving - selectively attends to stimuli

Responding - responding to stimuli

Valuing - attaches value or worth to something

Organizing - conceptualizes the value and resolves conflict between it and other values

Internalizing - integrates the value in value system that controls behavior

Blooms taxonomy AFFECTIVE DOMAIN - FEELINGS (from bottom to top)

RROI

Terms and definitions

Recall - remembers previously learned material

Comprehension - grasps the meaning of material

Application - use learning in new and concrete situation

Analysis - understands both of the content and structure of material

Synthesis - Formulates new structures from existing knowledge and skills.

Evaluation - judges the value of material for a given purpose

Blooms taxonomy COGNITIVE DOMAIN - THINKING (from bottom to top)

RCAASE

Terms and definitions

Perception - senses cues that guide motor activity

Set - is mentally, emotionally, and physically ready to act

Guided Response - imitates and practices skills, often in discrete steps

Mechanism - performs acts with increasing efficiency, confidence, and proficiency

Complete Overt Response - performs automatically

Adaptation - adapts skills sets to meet a problem situation

Organization - creates new patterns for specific situations

Blooms taxonomy PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAIN - PHYSICAL (from bottom to top)

PSGMCAO

Terms and definitions

the extent to which different scorers or raters arrive at the same score or interpretation, minimizing personal bias and subjective judgment

Objectivity

the consistency and stability of a measure, meaning that it produces similar results under consistent conditions

Reliability

how well a test or measurement tool accurately and appropriately assesses the intended knowledge, skills, or abilities, ensuring the results are meaningful and applicable for the intended purpose. 

Relevance

the extent to which a test accurately measures what it's intended to measure, ensuring that the conclusions drawn from the test results are accurate and meaningful

Validity

attained set of attributes (muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, and body composition) that relates to the ability to perform physical activity.

Physical Fitness

Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure

Physical Activity

difference between highest and lowest values observed in a dataset, providing a simple measure of the spread or variability of the data

Range

Variance

quantifies the spread or variability of data around the mean

how repeatable a test is at specific concentrations

Standard Deviation

typical or average value of a dataset, often represented by the mean, median, or mode; helps understand score distribution or data

Central Tendency

correlation: relationship between variables where they change together

causation: implies that one variable directly influences another, with cause-and-effect relationship

Correlation / Causation

using a test or measurement to forecast a future outcome or performance

Prediction

specificity - is this test specific to the sport or training?

validity - how relevant is the test to a component of fitness required by the sport?

objectivity - will the test procedure achieve the same result regardless of the test administer?

reliability - how consistent will the test results be if the same test is repeated for a number of attempts?

what must be considered to effectively conduct fitness testing and provide accurate results? (4)

what do these further infer?

the performance of other tests

i.e. conducting an endurance test before a power test may reduce the athlete’s performance

It is important to remember that some tests interfere with what?

List an example.

Order of tests and sufficient rest periods.

example: conducting endurance tests before a power test may reduce the athlete’s performance

What needs to be taken into consideration when conducting performance testing?

when designing the testing battery, conducting tests and analyzing test results in order to properly design training programs.

when can understanding the implications of tests be useful?

1. Anthropometry - height and weight

2. Power

3. Agility/Speed

4. Strength

5. Endurance

6. Energy systems

7. Flexibility

7 performance test components

(bottom to top)

functional competence

movement skill

Integrated strength and conditioning

———-Recovery—————

Describe the functional screening approach.

1. Overhead squat

2. Hurdle Step

3. In-Line Lunge

4. Shoulder Mobility

5. Active straight leg raise

6. Trunk stability push up

7. Rotary Stability

7 tests of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS)

to advise whether an athlete should train or correct a movement pattern

Functional Movement Screen is designed for what?

to assess total body/multi-joint stability and mobility

what does overhead squat assess?

Functional weaknesses which if corrected can reduce the risk of injury & improve performance

what does overhead squat identify?

• Movement Dynamics - Kelvin Giles

• Functional Movement Screen - Grey Cook

Overhead squat is a major part of 2 tests? Who created these tests?

1. Venue - Indoor floor (wooden/vinyl preferably)

2. Equipment

   1. scoresheet

   2. pen & paper

   3. clipboard

   4. broom handle

   5. masking tape

   6. measuring tape

Preparation and Equipment needed for overhead squat test

• Athletes should be made aware of the screen in good time.

• A letter detailing the process and appropriate attire should be explained.

• If the coach is planning to use recording equipment permission should be sought from the athlete. In the case of minors, seek parent’s approval.

• The results should be treated with confidentiality.

Ethics to be aware of in overhead squat test

Should athlete report pain when performing the test, have athlete stop and report him or her to a medical personnel for evaluation

Warnings to be aware of in overhead squat test

• Ensure athlete is in appropriate gear

• shoes off (preferably with socks)

• ask athlete for preexisting injuries

Protocols & Instructions to Athlete during overhead squat test

Analyze the demands of the sport relative to these principle and energy systems

sport specific means?

a test’s ability to correctly identify individuals who have specific condition or characteristic (true positives), meaning that it measures the proportion of positives that the test correctly identifies

sensitivity refers to

a test's ability to correctly identify individuals without a particular condition or disease, meaning it accurately produces a negative result when the condition is absent

specificity refers to

detailed analysis of the physical demands of a sport and physical profile of the athlete

what is a needs analysis

prevent injury (mitigate)

enhance performance

primary objectives of any athletic training program are typically two fold:

1. Sport - what is it

2. Injury - frequency, time of year, surface, predisposition

3. Biomechanical (kinematic/kinetic) - movement patterns/power-velocity-time relationship

4. Capacity systems

   1. aerobic (oxidative)

   2. anaerobic (phosphagen, glyolytic)

components and subcomponents of a sports analysis

1. position

2. competitive level (club, national, international)

3. DOB, gender, height, weight

4. Height-weight ratio

5. BMI, body fat

6. chronological age, biological age, training age

7. injury history

8. strengths and weaknesses (power, acceleration, balance, mobility, flexibility)

9 components of athlete analysis (performance testing)

compare the two and identify how the athlete compares to the common profile of the athletes in that sport

comparative analysis refers to

information - to calculate assumptions on what demands of the sport should be considered when conducting a needs analysis

essential process - maximize the effect of the physical training program and prevent, or at least reduce the likelihood of injury in their athletes

why is information and essential process required in comparative analysis

mean: sum of terms / # of terms

median: middle number of data set from least to greatest, if there are two numbers in the center, get their mean

mode: most occuring value

range: highest value - lowest value

formulas for mean, median, mode, range

1. find mean

2. subtract mean from each value

3. square each of these values

4. add the squared values

5. divide the sum of this by the number of scores

6. take square root of the result

formula for standard deviation