History- Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

What did plato’s writings discover?

justice, beauty, and equality

what social class what Plato’s parents from

Aristocracy

What was Plato’s birth name

aristocles

what helped with Plato’s studies of nature and knowledge?

His social class helped him get taught by good educators

what did Plato like about Socrates

He liked his methods of dialogue and debate so much he dedicated his life to the question of virtue and the formation of a noble character.

two events that formed Platos life

Meeting socrates and the Peloponesian war

Plato served during what? What ended up happening?

Plato served during the Peloponnesian war between Sparta and Athens. Athens lost and ended its democracy which was replaced with an oligarchy. 

How did the execution of Socrates affect Plato?

When democracy was restored Plato considered going into politics, but got turned when they executed Socrates so he went into philosophy. 

When Plato traveled where did he go and what did he study

Plato traveled for 12 years studying Math in Italy (Pythagoreans) geometry, geology, astronomy, and religion in Egypt. 

What three periods did Plato’s writings fall into

Early, Middle, and Late periods

Early periods

During Plato’s travels he wrote the Apology of Socrates, Protagoras, Euthryphro, Hippias Major, and Minor- In these he talks about Socrates philosophy and teachings

Middle writing period

writes in his own voice and central ideals of justice, courage, wisdom, and moderation of the individual and society- The Republic was written

The Republic

A very famous book written by Plato that explored the just of the government ruled by philosopher kings.

Late writing period

Plato takes a closer look at his early Metaphysical ideas. Explores Art as well as ethics and mortality. 

The Academy

A school of writing founded by Plato - first institute with high end education

Why was the Academy closed

Closed by the Roman empire because they feared it was a threat to Christianity 

What was Platos hopes for the Academy

To provide a good place for future leaders to discover how to build a better government in Greece.

What was Plato’s view on democracy?

Plato did not like democracy’s because he didn’t think people who were criminals or dumb should be able to have a say- he thought philosopher kings was the only right way to rule.

How do we know about Socrates

Socrates was Plato’s teacher- Plato shared his writings/stories

Socratic method

Used questioning to find the truth and help think deeper on a new level of understanding

What was Socrates social status

Socrates was from a noble family- he received basic education

Why was Socrates’ family not happy with him

He cared more about philosophy then his sons- his wife wasn’t happy about how much money he was making- denied payment from teaching

When/Why did Socrates fight in war

Socrates fought in war during the Peloponnesion war- Athenian law required men 18-60 to fight- participated in 3 military campaigns

What attractiveness did Socrates have

Although Socrates was not attractive his students thought he was based off his brilliant debates and thoughts

What did Socrates emphasize about the body that inspired Plato

The importance over The mind over the unimportance of the body. Inspired Plato’s philosophy dividing 2 realms the world of senses and the world of ideas

Socrates’ ethical system

based on human reason rather than theological doctrine- human choice was motivated by happiness

Socrates’ view on government

Socrates did not believe in a democracy nor a tyranny- believed government worked best when individuals had the best understanding, knowledge, and ability

What was Socrates accused of

Refusing to recognize the gods by the state and corrupting the youth

Why was most the city against Socrates

His anti-democratic views

how did socrates die

Death penalty of hemlock poisoning

Why did socrates not exile from his penalty

Wasn’t afraid of death- was a loyal citizen

Socrates’ legacy

Credited to be one of the founders of the Western Philosophy- contribution to ethics and the concepts of Socratic irony and the Socratic Method ( which is still used in discussions)

Aristotle’s golden mean

The principle that moral virtue lies between to little and to much

How did Aristotle advance science

urged people to use senses to make observations - was the first person to group observations

What was Aristotles book 

Politics

Aristotle’s government ideal

three types- government by one person, government by a few people, government by many people. thought the safest was monarchy or aristocracy.