Breakthroughs in Medical Technology Inventions and Innovation in the Field of Medical Laboratory
Rene Laennec
Who invented the stethoscope?
Stethoscope
acquire information about the lungs and heartbeats
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
Who invented the microscope?
Microscope
produces enlarged images of small objects
Hermann Von Helmholz
Who invented the ophthalmoscope and the heart-lung machine?
Ophthalmoscope
Inspecting the interior of the eye
Manuel Garcia
Who invented the laryngoscope?
Laryngoscope
Using 2 mirrors to observe throat and larynx
Wilhelm Roentgen
Who invented/discovered the x-ray?
X-ray
discovered by accident that radiation could penetrate solid objects of low-density
allow physicians to view without surgery
used to diagnose pneumonia, pleurisy, and tuberculosis since Worl War II
William Einthoven
Who invented the electrocardiograph?
Electrocardiograph
Measure electrical charges during the beating of the heart
Elizabeth Kenny
Who invented the Kenny method?
Kenny Method
Pioneering work for Physical Therapy
Treatment for Polio (Infantile Paralysis)
Sylvia Stretcher
New Stretcher
Transporting patients in shock
Heart-Lung Machine
temporarily takes over the functions of the heart and lungs
device used in open heart surgery
Forsmann
Who first operated the cardiac catheterization and angiography?
Moniz, Reboul, Rousthoul
Who developed the cardiac catheterization and angiography?
Cournard
Who discovered the cardiac catheterization and angiography as a safe method?
cardiac catheterization and angiography
Made seeing the heart and, lung vessels, and possible
inserting the cannula in an arm vein and into the heart with an injection of radiopaque dye for x-ray visualization
Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll
Who invented the electron microscope?
Electron Microscope
Visualization of small cells including tumor cells
Tomography and Resonance Imaging
Adaptation of Computers
Godfrey Hounsfield
Who invented the tomography?
Raymond Damadian
First person to do a full body scan of a human being
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MRI
Robotics
Keyhole Surgery Procedures
Genetic Engineering
Telemedicine/ Information Technology
Medical technology breakthroughs through:
Prosthesis
Artificial Heart Valves
Artificial Blood Vessels
Functional Electromechanical Limbs
Reconstructive Skeletal Joints
Edward Jenner
Vaccination to establish immunity to smallpox
Impact: Immunology
Marie Francois Xavier Bichat
Identified organs by their type of tissues
Impact: Histology
Agostino Bassi
Produced disease in worms by injection of organic materials
Impact: Bacteriology
Loius Pastieur
Produced immunity to rabies
Gregor Mendel
Enunciated his law of inherited characteristics from studies on plants
Joseph Lister
Demonstrated that surgical infections are by airborne diseases
Robert Koch
Presented the first picture of bacilli (anthrax) and later tubercle bacilli
Elie Metchnikoff
Described phagocytes in blood and their role in fighting infection (Phagocytosis)
Ernst Von Bergmann
Introduced steam sterilization in surgery
Karl Landsteiner
Distinguished blood groups through the development of the ABO blood group system
August Von Wasserman
Developed Immunologic test for syphilis
Howard Ricketts
Discovered microorganisms whose range lies between bacteria and viruses called rickettsiae
Hans Fischer
Worked out the structure of hemoglobin
Jonas Salk
Developed poliomyelitis vaccine (inactivated)
James Westgard
Introduced the Westgard Rules for quality control in the clinical laboratory
Baruch Samuel Blumberg
Hepatitis B Vaccine
Karry Mullis
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
James Van Steirtghem
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
James Thomson
Derived the first human stem cell line
William Harvey
Discover the Circulation of Blood
Proved through vivisection, ligation, and perfusion that the heart acts as a muscular pump propelling the blood throughout the body in a continuous cycle
Robert Hooke
Used microscope to document the existence of cells
Marcello Malpighi
Father of Histology
Physician of Pope Innocent XII
Famous for his investigations of the embryology of the chick and the histology and physiology of the glands and vice versa
Frederick Dekkers
Urine-containing protein would form a precipitate when boiled with acetic acid
Thomas Willis
First to notice the characteristics sweet taste of diabetic urine (as it was infused with honey or sugar)
Richard Lower
First person to perform direct transfusion of blood from one animal to another (He was using a dog)
William Hewson
Father of Hematology
Discovered Coagulation
Coagulation
Also known as clotting, is the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood clot.
Gabriel Fahrenheit
Developed the Mercury thermometer and the Fahrenheit temp scale
John Hill
Introduces a method of obtaining a specimen for microscopic study
J.W Tichy
Observation of sediments in the urine of febrile patients
Matthew Dobson
Proved that the sweetness of the urine and blood serum in diabetes is caused by sugar
Francis Home
Developed the yeast test for sugar determination in diabetic urine
Antoine Francois De Fourcroy
Discovers cholesterol
Johannes Evangelista Purkinje
Pioneer the use microscope
John Snow
Studied the great Cholera outbreak in London
Karl Von Veriordt
Coagulation time as an index of blood coagulation
Developed a method for performing accurate blood counts (hemocytometry)
Sir Almroth Edward Write
Observed the role of calcium salts in the coagulation of blood
Paul Ehrlich
Developed method of drying and fixing blood smears using heat
Discovered most cells and classified white blood cells according to their granulation
Alexander Fleming
Penicillin (paramount in initiating the antibiotic era)
Gerardous Molder
Performed the first chemical analysis of proteins
Joseph Jackson Lister
Developed an achromatic microscope and introduced dark field microscopy
James Marsh
Developed a standard test for arsenic
George Gabriel Stokes
Discovered the Fluorescence
William Perkin
Prepared the first synthetic dye
Jules Dubosq
Developed the first visual colorimeter based on Beer’s Law
Herman Luer
Invented the glass hypodermic syringe
Oscar Brefeld
Developed the use of gelatin for the isolation of fungi
William Henry Corfeild
Established the first public health lab in England
Max Jaffe
Developed alkaline picrate method for the determination of creatinine
James Dewar
Invented the vacuum flask
Julius Elster & Hans Friedrich Geitel
Invented the photoelectric cell
Theodore Richards
Invented the nephelometer
Nephelometer
An instrument for measuring the size and concentration of particles suspended in a liquid or gas, especially by means of the light to scatter
Charles Purdy
Published practical urinalysis and urinary diagnosis
Ferdinand Widal
Developed the agglutination test for identification of the typhoid bacillus
Christian Bohr
Discovered the reciprocal relationship between pH and oxygen content of hemoglobin (Bohr Effect)
Martinus Beijerinck
Obtained the first pure culture of the sulfur-oxidizing bacterium
H.J. Bechtold
Discovered immunodiffusion
Arthur Sanford & James Todd
Published the first edition of Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods (like a bible for Medical Laboratory Scientists)
Philip Adolf Kober
Developed the colorimeter-nephelometer
Francis William Aston
Developed the mass spectograph
Arne Tiselius
Developed moving boundary electrophoresis of proteins
Theodore Svedberg
Determined the molecular weight of hemoglobin by ultracentrifugation
George Nicholas Papanicolaou
Reported the ability to recover cancer in vaginal smears through a pap smear
Otto Folin
Introduced the use of light filters in colorimetry
R. Gabreus
Develops the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as in index of the severity of disease
H.D Kay
Developed the first clinical laboratory method for alkaline phosphatase (Clinical Enzymology)
Ian Cherry & Lathan Crandall
Developed the first clinical methods for serum and urine amylase activity
Michael Somogyi
2 major clinical lab methods for serum and urine amylase activity
Alexander Gutman
Developed the first assay for acid phosphatase
Edward Joseph Conway & Robert Cooke
Developed the first clinical method for ammonia
S. Borgstrom
Developed the whole blood clotting time test