PMLS Lesson 1 (Part 2)

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Rene Laennec

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Breakthroughs in Medical Technology Inventions and Innovation in the Field of Medical Laboratory

111 Terms

1

Rene Laennec

Who invented the stethoscope?

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2

Stethoscope

acquire information about the lungs and heartbeats

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3

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

Who invented the microscope?

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4

Microscope

produces enlarged images of small objects

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5

Hermann Von Helmholz

Who invented the ophthalmoscope and the heart-lung machine?

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6

Ophthalmoscope

Inspecting the interior of the eye

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7

Manuel Garcia

Who invented the laryngoscope?

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8

Laryngoscope

Using 2 mirrors to observe throat and larynx

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9

Wilhelm Roentgen

Who invented/discovered the x-ray?

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10

X-ray

  • discovered by accident that radiation could penetrate solid objects of low-density

  • allow physicians to view without surgery

  • used to diagnose pneumonia, pleurisy, and tuberculosis since Worl War II

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11

William Einthoven

Who invented the electrocardiograph?

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12

Electrocardiograph

Measure electrical charges during the beating of the heart

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13

Elizabeth Kenny

Who invented the Kenny method?

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14

Kenny Method

  • Pioneering work for Physical Therapy

  • Treatment for Polio (Infantile Paralysis)

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15

Sylvia Stretcher

  • New Stretcher

  • Transporting patients in shock

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16

Heart-Lung Machine

  • temporarily takes over the functions of the heart and lungs

  • device used in open heart surgery

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17

Forsmann

Who first operated the cardiac catheterization and angiography?

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18

Moniz, Reboul, Rousthoul

Who developed the cardiac catheterization and angiography?

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19

Cournard

Who discovered the cardiac catheterization and angiography as a safe method?

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20

cardiac catheterization and angiography

  • Made seeing the heart and, lung vessels, and possible

  • inserting the cannula in an arm vein and into the heart with an injection of radiopaque dye for x-ray visualization

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21

Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll

Who invented the electron microscope?

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22

Electron Microscope

Visualization of small cells including tumor cells

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23

Tomography and Resonance Imaging

Adaptation of Computers

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24

Godfrey Hounsfield

Who invented the tomography?

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25

Raymond Damadian

First person to do a full body scan of a human being

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26

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

MRI

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27
  • Robotics

  • Keyhole Surgery Procedures

  • Genetic Engineering

  • Telemedicine/ Information Technology

Medical technology breakthroughs through:

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28

Prosthesis

  • Artificial Heart Valves

  • Artificial Blood Vessels

  • Functional Electromechanical Limbs

  • Reconstructive Skeletal Joints

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29

Edward Jenner

  • Vaccination to establish immunity to smallpox

  • Impact: Immunology

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30

Marie Francois Xavier Bichat

  • Identified organs by their type of tissues

  • Impact: Histology

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31

Agostino Bassi

  • Produced disease in worms by injection of organic materials

  • Impact: Bacteriology

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32

Loius Pastieur

Produced immunity to rabies

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33

Gregor Mendel

Enunciated his law of inherited characteristics from studies on plants

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34

Joseph Lister

Demonstrated that surgical infections are by airborne diseases

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35

Robert Koch

Presented the first picture of bacilli (anthrax) and later tubercle bacilli

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36

Elie Metchnikoff

Described phagocytes in blood and their role in fighting infection (Phagocytosis)

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37

Ernst Von Bergmann

Introduced steam sterilization in surgery

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38

Karl Landsteiner

Distinguished blood groups through the development of the ABO blood group system

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39

August Von Wasserman

Developed Immunologic test for syphilis

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40

Howard Ricketts

Discovered microorganisms whose range lies between bacteria and viruses called rickettsiae

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41

Hans Fischer

Worked out the structure of hemoglobin

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42

Jonas Salk

Developed poliomyelitis vaccine (inactivated)

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43

James Westgard

Introduced the Westgard Rules for quality control in the clinical laboratory

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44

Baruch Samuel Blumberg

Hepatitis B Vaccine

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45

Karry Mullis

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

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46

James Van Steirtghem

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

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47

James Thomson

Derived the first human stem cell line

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48

William Harvey

  • Discover the Circulation of Blood

  • Proved through vivisection, ligation, and perfusion that the heart acts as a muscular pump propelling the blood throughout the body in a continuous cycle

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49

Robert Hooke

Used microscope to document the existence of cells

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50

Marcello Malpighi

  • Father of Histology

  • Physician of Pope Innocent XII

  • Famous for his investigations of the embryology of the chick and the histology and physiology of the glands and vice versa

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51

Frederick Dekkers

Urine-containing protein would form a precipitate when boiled with acetic acid

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52

Thomas Willis

First to notice the characteristics sweet taste of diabetic urine (as it was infused with honey or sugar)

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53

Richard Lower

First person to perform direct transfusion of blood from one animal to another (He was using a dog)

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54

William Hewson

  • Father of Hematology

  • Discovered Coagulation

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55

Coagulation

Also known as clotting, is the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood clot.

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56

Gabriel Fahrenheit

Developed the Mercury thermometer and the Fahrenheit temp scale

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57

John Hill

Introduces a method of obtaining a specimen for microscopic study

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58

J.W Tichy

Observation of sediments in the urine of febrile patients

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59

Matthew Dobson

Proved that the sweetness of the urine and blood serum in diabetes is caused by sugar

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60

Francis Home

Developed the yeast test for sugar determination in diabetic urine

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61

Antoine Francois De Fourcroy

Discovers cholesterol

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62

Johannes Evangelista Purkinje

Pioneer the use microscope

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63

John Snow

Studied the great Cholera outbreak in London

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64

Karl Von Veriordt

  • Coagulation time as an index of blood coagulation

  • Developed a method for performing accurate blood counts (hemocytometry)

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65

Sir Almroth Edward Write

Observed the role of calcium salts in the coagulation of blood

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66

Paul Ehrlich

  • Developed method of drying and fixing blood smears using heat

  • Discovered most cells and classified white blood cells according to their granulation

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67

Alexander Fleming

Penicillin (paramount in initiating the antibiotic era)

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68

Gerardous Molder

Performed the first chemical analysis of proteins

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69

Joseph Jackson Lister

Developed an achromatic microscope and introduced dark field microscopy

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70

James Marsh

Developed a standard test for arsenic

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71

George Gabriel Stokes

Discovered the Fluorescence

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72

William Perkin

Prepared the first synthetic dye

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73

Jules Dubosq

Developed the first visual colorimeter based on Beer’s Law

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74

Herman Luer

Invented the glass hypodermic syringe

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75

Oscar Brefeld

Developed the use of gelatin for the isolation of fungi

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76

William Henry Corfeild

Established the first public health lab in England

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77

Max Jaffe

Developed alkaline picrate method for the determination of creatinine

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78

James Dewar

Invented the vacuum flask

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79

Julius Elster & Hans Friedrich Geitel

Invented the photoelectric cell

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80

Theodore Richards

Invented the nephelometer

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81

Nephelometer

An instrument for measuring the size and concentration of particles suspended in a liquid or gas, especially by means of the light to scatter

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82

Charles Purdy

Published practical urinalysis and urinary diagnosis

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83

Ferdinand Widal

Developed the agglutination test for identification of the typhoid bacillus

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84

Christian Bohr

Discovered the reciprocal relationship between pH and oxygen content of hemoglobin (Bohr Effect)

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85

Martinus Beijerinck

Obtained the first pure culture of the sulfur-oxidizing bacterium

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86

H.J. Bechtold

Discovered immunodiffusion

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87

Arthur Sanford & James Todd

Published the first edition of Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods (like a bible for Medical Laboratory Scientists)

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88

Philip Adolf Kober

Developed the colorimeter-nephelometer

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89

Francis William Aston

Developed the mass spectograph

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90

Arne Tiselius

Developed moving boundary electrophoresis of proteins

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91

Theodore Svedberg

Determined the molecular weight of hemoglobin by ultracentrifugation

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92

George Nicholas Papanicolaou

Reported the ability to recover cancer in vaginal smears through a pap smear

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93

Otto Folin

Introduced the use of light filters in colorimetry

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94

R. Gabreus

Develops the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as in index of the severity of disease

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95

H.D Kay

Developed the first clinical laboratory method for alkaline phosphatase (Clinical Enzymology)

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96

Ian Cherry & Lathan Crandall

Developed the first clinical methods for serum and urine amylase activity

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97

Michael Somogyi

2 major clinical lab methods for serum and urine amylase activity

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98

Alexander Gutman

Developed the first assay for acid phosphatase

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99

Edward Joseph Conway & Robert Cooke

Developed the first clinical method for ammonia

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100

S. Borgstrom

Developed the whole blood clotting time test

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