Comprehensive Study Guide for Fundamentals Exam 3 - Medicine

What is Narcolepsy?

a chronic sleep disorder characterized by overwhelming daytime drowsiness and sudden attacks of sleep. People with narcolepsy often find it difficult to stay awake for long periods, regardless of the circumstances. It can significantly disrupt daily activities.

What are sleep apneas? What are the signs & symptoms of each.

What are ways to promote sleep and prevent insomnia?

To promote sleep and prevent insomnia, establish a regular sleep schedule, create a relaxing bedtime routine, limit exposure to screens before bed, ensure a comfortable sleep environment, avoid caffeine and heavy meals before bedtime, exercise regularly but not right before bed, and manage stress through relaxation techniques or therapy.

What is restless leg symptom? What are the signs & symptoms?

Know REM and non- REM sleep stages & characteristics of each stage.

Describe the anatomy & physiology of the layers of the skin.

Identify the components of a thorough skin assessment.

Understand the wound healing steps/process

Identify how to perform and document a complete wound assessment.

Understand how to prevent pressure injuries.

Describe how to stage a pressure injury.

Identify correct dressings for wounds.

Know terms such as melena and hematochezia. What does the color of the stool indicate?

What is C. diff and who is at most risk for developing C.diff?

How is C.dff treated?

What is a fecal occult test? What are some factors (e. medications and foods) that can give a false positive test result?

Ileostomy vs colostomy (4 types). Be sure to know the location of the stoma and the stool characteristics for each

What is a stoma? What is a normal stoma appearance immediately after surgery and after recovery? What is considered abnormal stoma appearance?

What is the relationship between a stoma, ileostomy, and colostomy?

When should a colostomy bag be emptied? How often should the colostomy appliance be changed?

What is bowel training? Which type of ostomy can be irrigated for bowel training?

What are some nursing considerations for a patient who has a new ostomy bag?

Know dietary considerations when someone has an ostomy (ie.. gas producing foods)

What is fecal impaction? What are the signs & symptoms?

What are the different types of laxatives and how do they work differently (mechanisms of action)?

What is a rectal tube? What are the cons of using a rectal tube?

Know about enemas and how to administer them? What position should the patient be in?

What is evisceration and dehiscence? What intervention is done if a surgical site evisceration occurs?

Diabetic care in the peri-operative period:

Know why patient might be switched from an oral medication to insulin or why insulin doses may be increased in the peri- operative period

What is a JP drain? What are some nursing considerations and interventions for a patient with JP drain.?

What is a Penrose drain?

What is malignant hyperthermia and what are the signs & symptoms?

What is an informed consent? What are the components of it? Who can obtain it? What type of patients can sign them? What types of patients CAN'T sign them? What is the nurses' role in the consenting process?

Peri-operative teaching

Understand patient teaching regarding medication, skin care, pain management discharge planning, what to anticipate during/after surgery.

Teaching regarding pneumonia, pressure ulcer and DVT prevention.

What is a time-out for peri-operative care?

Know & identify the types of anesthesia.