Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic cell

a cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles; includes achaea and bacteria

Eukaryotic Cell

a cell containing a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles

Endosymbiosis Theroy

the idea that the mitochonria and chloroplasts were once free living and were engulfed by other prokaryotic cells.

Nucleus

a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

Ribosomes

non membrane bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis;found in eukaryotes and porkaryotes

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

System of internal membranes within the cytoplasm. Membranes are rough due to the presence of ribosomes. functions in transport of substances such as proteins within the cytoplasm

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

An endomembrane system where lipids are synthesized, calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken down.

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Lysosome

membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides

Central Vacuole

a large, fluid-filled organelle that stores not only water but also enzymes, metabolic wastes, and other materials;provides turgor pressure in plant cells

Chloroplast

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy; contains DNA

Mitochondrion

in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two membranes and that is the site of cellular respiration, which produces ATP;contains DNA

Cytoskeleton

network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement

Cell wall

strong wall outside a plant cell's plasma membrane that protects the cell and maintains its shape

Cilia

short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface

Flagella

A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion, formed from a core of nine outer doublet microtubules and two inner single microtubules, ensheathed in an extension of plasma membrane.

Centrosome

small region of cytoplasm adjacent to the nucleus

Centrioles

One of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope; play a role in cell division.

Cell membrane

a phospholipid layer that covers a cell's surface and acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell's environment

Domain Bacteria

prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, no membrane bound organelles,

Domain Archaea

prokaryotes do not have a nucleus , no membrane bound organelles

Domain Eukarya

eukaryotes have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

Plasmid

a circular DNA molecule that is usually found in bacteria and that can replicate independent of the nucleoid DNA

Chromosome

threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next Prokaryotic cells do not have them.