A level CS (9618) 20 Further Programming

20.1 Programming paradigms 20.2 File processing and exception handling

Programming paradigm

"a set of programming concepts."

Low-level programming

"programming instructions that use the computer's basic instruction set."

Imperative programming

"programming paradigm in which the steps required to execute a program are set out in the order they need to be carried out."

Object-oriented programming (OOP)

"a programming methodology that uses self-contained objects

Class

"a template defining the methods and data of a certain type of object."

Attributes (class)

"the data items in a class."

Method

"a programmed procedure that is defined as part of a class."

Encapsulation

"process of putting data and methods together as a single unit

Object

"an instance of a class that is self-contained and includes data and methods."

Property

"data and methods within an object that perform a named action."

Instance

"an occurrence of an object during the execution of a program."

Data hiding

"technique which protects the integrity of an object by restricting access to the data and methods within that object."

Inheritance

"process in which the methods and data from one class

Getter

"a method that gets the value of a property."

Setter

"a method used to control changes to a variable."

Constructor

"a method used to initialize a new object."

Polymorphism

"feature of object-oriented programming."

Destructor

"a method that is automatically invoked when an object is destroyed and allows methods to be redefined for derived classes."

Overloading

"feature of object-oriented programming."

Declarative programming

"statements of facts and rules together with a mechanism for setting goals in the form of a query."

Containment (aggregation)

"process by which one class can contain other classes."

Facts

"a 'thing' that is known."

Rules

"relationships between facts."

Read

"file access mode in which data can be read from a file."

Write

"file access mode in which data can be written to a file; any existing data stored in the file will be overwritten."

Append

"file access mode in which data can be added to the end of a file."

Open

"file-processing operation; opens a file ready to be used in a program."

Close

"file-processing operation; closes a file so it can no longer be used by a program."

Exception

"an unexpected event that disrupts the execution of a program."

Exception handling

"the process of responding to an exception within the program so that the program does not halt unexpectedly."