music notes

What is music written on?

a staff with 5 lines and 4 spaces

What is music written with?

the musical alphabet

What are the notes in the musical alphabet?

abcdefg

What does each letter of the musical alphabet represent?

each letter of the musical alphabet is assigned to a pitch

What's a pitch?

how high or low a sound is

What's an octive?

the distance between 2 musical notes with the same letter name

Where are high notes written?

the treble clef

The treble clef is also called ____

the g clef

Where are low notes written?

the bass clef

The bass clef is also called ___

the f clef

How can the treble clef lines be remembered?

every good burger deserves fries

How can the treble clef spaces be remembered?

FACE

How can the lines on the bass clef be remembered?

Gummy Bears Don't Feel Anything

How can the spaces on the bass clef be remembered?

All Cows Eat Grass

What's the grand staff?

When the treble clef and the bass clef are joined together with a brace

What are ledger lines?

short lines added to extend the range of the staff

What are note values?

tells us the duration of the pitch

What is a beat?

the steady pulse of the music. Doesn't change, it always stays the same.

What's rhythm?

the flow of music through time. It's a combination of long notes and short notes

What's an interval?

the distance between 2 pitches

Define half step

one step up or down from the starting pitch. It's also called a minor 2nd (m2)

Define whole step

2 steps up or down from the starting pitch. It's also called a major 2nd (M2)

What are the perfect intervals?

P1(unison), P4(perfect 4th), P5(perfect 5th), and an octive(P8)

What are the major intervals?

M2, M3, M6, M7

What are the minor intervals?

There are 4 minor intervals: minor 2nd(m2), minor 3rd(m3), minor 6th(m6), and minor 7th(m7)

What do the 'm''s mean for intervals?

The uppercase "M" is used to indicate major intervals, the lowercase "m" is used to indicate minor intervals

How are scales built?

using intervals

What is a scale?

a sequence of notes with specific intervals between them, and is arranged in ascending or descending order within an octave

What's the major scale formula?

WWHWWWH

The speed of music is called ____.

tempo

What is dynamics?

how loud or soft a piece is

How many beats does a whole note get?

4 beats

How many beats does a half note get?

2 beats

How many beats does a quarter note get?

1 beat

How many beats does an eighth note get?

1/2 beat

How many beats does a sixteenth note get?

1/4 beat

How is music divided up?

equal parts called measures with bar lines

What's the space between bar lines?

a measure

Where is the time signature?

at the beginning of the music after the clef sign. It contains 2 numbers that look like a fraction.

What does the top number mean in a time signature?

tells us how many beats are in the measure

What does the bottom number mean in a time signature?

tells us which notes get the beat

What is a key signature?

the sharps or flats placed between the clef sign and the time signature to indicate which scale is being used

What's the order of the sharps?

FCDAEB

What's the order of flats?

BEADCF

What's the circle of fifths? How does it help musicians?

shows the relationship between all the major and minor keys in music. It helps musicians see which notes and chords go well together. Starting from C major at the top and moving a perfect fifth up or down the circle adds 1 sharp or flat to the key signature, making it easier to understand key changes and chord progressions.

steps in p4

2 1/2

steps in p5

3 1/2

steps in p8

6

steps in P1

none

steps in M2

1

steps in M3

2

Steps in M6

4 1/2

steps in M7

5 1/2

steps in m2

1/2

steps in m3

1 1/2

steps in m6

4

steps in m7

5

How many steps in a tritone (TT)?

3

what's a harmony

Harmony is when 2 or more ntoes are played simulataneously to create chords

What's timbre?

Timbre is the quality of sound; it's the component of a tone that makes instruments sound different

What's texture in music?

Texture the vertical layers of voices/instruments and how they interact with one another

What is form?

Form is the structure of a composition

What's a tonic (i chord)?

Tonic (i chord) is the chord built on the 1st scale degree (do, mi, so) it's a major chord

What's a supertonic (ii chord)?

supertonic (ii chord) is the chord built on the 2nd scale degree (re, fa, la). It's a minor chord

What's a mediant (iiI chord)?

mediant (iii chord) is the chord built on the 3rd scale degree (mi, so, ti). It is a minor chord

What's a subdominant (IV chord)?

Subdominant (IV chord) is the chord built on the 4th scale degree (fa, la, do). It iss a major chord

What's a Dominant (V chord)?

Dominant (V chord) is the chord built on the 5th scale degree (so, ti, re). It is a major chord.

What's a Submediant (vi chord)?

Submediant (vi chord) is the chord built on the 6th scale degree (la, do mi). It's a minor chord.

What's a subtonic (vii° chord)?

Subtonic (vii° chord) is the chord built on the 7th scale degree (ti, re, fa) It is a diminished chord.

What are chord progressions?

Chord Progressions are a series of chords that provide harmonic structure to a piece of music

cadence

authentic cadence

Perfect authentic cadence

Half cadence

Plagal cadence

Deceptive cadence