BIO10004 Week 4.1 - Joints/Articulations

Flashcards covering key concepts about joints and articulations, including types of joints, movements, and related conditions.

Articulations

Joints are also known as these.

Synarthrosis

No movement is permitted at this type of joint.

Amphiarthrosis

Little movement is permitted at this type of joint.

Diarthrosis

Free movement is permitted at this type of joint.

Synostosis

A rigid, immovable joint created when two bones fuse and the boundary disappears.

Syndesmosis

A location where bones are connected by a ligament.

Symphysis

A location where articulating bones are connected by a wedge or pad of fibrocartilage.

Monaxial

A joint that permits movement around one axis.

Biaxial

A joint that permits movement around two axes

Triaxial

A joint that permits movement around three axes

Gliding Joint

Joints that have flattened or slightly curved surfaces that slide across one another, but the amount of movement is very slight.

Hinge Joint

Joints that permit angular motion in a single plane.

Condylar Joint

Joints that have an oval articular face nestled within a depression on the opposing surface.

Saddle Joint

Joints that have complex articular faces and fit together like a rider in a saddle.

Pivot Joint

Joints that only permit rotation.

Ball-and-Socket Joint

Joints where the round head of one bone rests within a cup-shaped depression in another.

Flexion

Movement in the anterior plane that decreases the angle of the joint.

Extension

Movement in the anterior plane that increases the angle of the joint.

Abduction

Movement away from the midline.

Adduction

Movement toward the midline.

Circumduction

Circular motion at a joint.

Lateral (external) rotation

Rotation that moves the anterior surface out.

Medial (internal) rotation

Rotation that moves the anterior surface in.

Supination

Movement of the forearm to turn the palm forward.

Pronation

Movement of the forearm to turn the palm backward.

Dorsiflexion

Ankle flexion

Plantar flexion

Ankle extension

Rheumatism

Pain and stiffness in the musculoskeletal system

Arthritis

All rheumatic diseases that affect synovial joints

Osteoarthritis

Wear and tear of joint surfaces, or genetic factors affecting collagen formation causes this condition.

Rheumatoid arthritis

An inflammatory condition where the immune system attacks the joint tissues.

Gouty arthritis

A condition where crystals of uric acid form within synovial fluid.