Ap Biology Chapter 1 Unit 1

Evolution

common descent with modification

Natural Selection:

the environment is selecting which traits are going to be passed on - because organisms with these traits are the ones that survive to reproduce.

Adaptations:

modifications that make organisms better able to function in a particular environment.

Energy:

the capability to do work

Metabolism:

all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell

Chemical Cycling vs. Energy Flow:

chemicals move through living organisms and are broken back down to inorganic molecules whereas energy, starting from the -sun-, flows through organisms and eventually dissipates as heat

Energy Flows and Chemicals \_______.

Energy Flows and Chemicals cycle.

Homeostasis:

biological balance, maintaining a constant internal environment despite fluctuations

Reproduce:

make more organisms- passing information to another generation

Development:

becoming an adult - using the information

Genes:

genetic instructions, DNA

Mutations:

inheritable changes in the genetic information, source of variation

Behavior:

coordinated response to environmental stimuli.

Emergent Properties:

each level of organization acquires new properties

Cooperation and Competition:

from chemical reactions in a cell to structure communities in a forest. Another example, the circulatory system helps facilitate the respiratory system and vice versa

Observation:

formal way of seeing what happens

Hypothesis:

using inductive reasoning to formulate a possible explanation for a natural event

Experimental variable:

independent, what is being tested

Responding variable:

dependent, results, or data

Control:

not exposed to variable, test group is

Deductive reasoning:

involves if/then logic to make a prediction

The Process of Science:

the scientific method acts as a guidance for scientific studies

Scientific Theory:

concepts that join together well-supported and related hypotheses, supported by many observations experiments, data etc.

What are the four big ideas in Biology

BI-1 Evolution
BI-2 Energy and Molecular Building Blocks
BI-3 Information Storage, Transmission, and Response
BI-4 Interdependent Relationships

The unity of life suggests that all organisms are descended from a \____________.

The unity of life suggest that all organisms are descended from a common ancestor.

Characteristics - Living things are organized, made of \_____.

Living things are organized, made of cells.

Characteristics - They acquire materials and \__________

They acquire materials and material and energy

Characteristics - They maintain \________.

They maintain homeostasis

Characteristics - They \________

They reproduce

Characteristics - They respond to \_____

They respond to stimuli

Characteristics - They adapt and \___

They adapt and die

Chi Square Formula:

Chi Square Formula:
x^2 = Σ (Observed - Expected)^2/ Expected

BI-1 Evolution:

drives diversity and unity of life

BI-2 Energy and Molecular Building Blocks:

examines energy and molecules to explore how living things grow, thrive, and reproduce

BI-3 Information Storage, Transmission, and Response:

focuses on how living systems use essential information, from DNA sequences to nerve transmissions to hormone signaling

BI-4 Interdependent Relationships:

surveys how systems operate and interact, between every level from cells to ecosystems, and examines the intricate components of these entities

Characteristics of life (song)

Living things are organized made of cells
They acquire materials and material and energy
They maintain homeostasis
They respond to stimuli
They Reproduce
They grow and develop
They adapt
and die

Osmosis:

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Neurotransmitters:

Chemical messengers that transmit information from one neuron to another

Genome:

The collection of genetic information

Chromosomes:

storage units of genes

DNA:

Nucleic acid that contains genetic instructions