QAL241 ndt liquid penetrant

Visual testing of materials, test objects and complete products is the principal means of determining adequate quality of parts

Visual testing of materials, test objects and complete products is the principal means of determining adequate quality of parts

True

The liquid penetrant method detects the presence of cracks or other physical discontinuities both open to the surface and volumetric

False; must be open to the surface

Liquid penetrant testing evolved from the oil-and-whiting test

True

Liquid penetrant is used to avoid failure, prevent accidents, save human life, and to lower manufacturing costs

True

Liquid penetrant testing can be used on a wide variety of materials including ferrous and nonferrous metals and alloys and nonfired ceramics

False; fired ceramics

Liquid penetrant can be used for in-service checks to resolve production problems early

True

There are three basic classification types by dye

True; fluorescent. visible, dual

Type I fluorescent penetrant testing is further classified by five sensitivity levels

True; ultra low, low, medium, high, and ultra high

Type I and II are further classified by the method of removal of excess penetrant

True

Developers are classified as dry, wet, and nonaqueous

True

Solvents are divided into halogen and nonhalogen

False; classes

Recommended Practice No. SNT- TC-1A is required to be followed for the written practice

False

ASNI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Personnel is used as a guideline when required by the specification

False

ACCP-ASNT Central Certification Program is recognized nationally as a clarifying agent

True

Required testing consist of general, specific, practical and method for all levels of certification

False; not method

A high school diploma or a general education diploma is required for certification as a nondestructive testing technician

False

Exhaust fans should be installed for the use of wet developers to remove fumes

False; dry

Ultraviolet lamp filters are used to prevent technicians from getting sun burned while performing tests

False

Each procedure and technique shall be approved and signed by a certified Level III

True

High nickel alloys, titanium and stainless steels require the use of high sulfur and chloride products

False; low sulfur

Cleaning operations such as power wire brushing, grit blasting, shot peening and other metal smearing operations should be used for cleaning prior to penetrant testing

False

Penetrant testing will be effective if the test object is not physically and chemically clean and dry

False; has to be clean and dry

Compatibility of cleaning agents and penetrant materials should be verified to ensure an acceptable penetrant test

True

Solvent cleaning is commonly used for bulk inspections

False; spot inpections

Cleaning is accomplished by use of immersion tanks and or detergent solutions

True

Through rinsing and drying after detergent cleaning will leave the substrate physically and chemically clean for penetrant testing

True

Vapor degreasing is effective in removal of oils, greases, and other similar organic contaminations

True

Alkaline detergent emulsifies, softens or dissolves organic contamination

True

Acid rust removers and alkaline rust removers require special equipment, and specific procedures should be followed

True

Acid or alkaline solutions are used to remove smeared metal from operations

True

The following should be used before liquid penetrant tests to ensure surfaces are clean: blasting (shot, sand, grit, pressure, etc.); liquid honing; emery cloth; and wire brushes

False; should not

Penetrant dwell time is a period of time to allow penetrant to enter and fill any discontinuities open to the surface through capillary action

True

Liquid penetrant is drawn out of discontinuity entrapments to the test object surface during the so-called development time or developer dwell time

True

Water rinsed with coarse droplets is preferred. The mechanical action is dependent on the size of the drops and velocity at impact

True

Dry powder should be used with visible liquid penetrant because it produces a satisfactory contrast coating on the surface of the test object

False; water suspendible (Form C)

Water soluble developer can not be used for fluorescent dyes

False

Developer should be checked at regular intervals for penetrant contamination and water evaporation per approved specifications

True

A discontinuity is an interruption in the normal structure of the test object making the part rejectable

False; could end up not being a reject

In some reference documents, false indications and non relevant indications are considered to be the same thing

True

Detection of discontinuities open to the surface such as cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts, laminations, through leakage or lack of fusion are identified using liquid penetrant testing

True

Different methods can be effectively used for the examination of nonporous, metallic materials, both ferrous and nonferrous, and of nonmetallic materials such as glazed or fully densified ceramics, certain nonporous plastics and glass

True

Type I has five levels of sensitivity: Level 1, Level 2, Level 3, Level 4, and Level 5 respectively. with 5 being the most sensitive

False; 1/2, 1,2,3,4; 4 being most sensitive

Type II has a sensitivity level rating of 2

False; no sensitivity level

Type II fluorescent should never follow Type I solvent

False; Type II is visible

Aerosol cans do not require daily contamination checks

True

Method B is lipopholic (water loving)

False; oil loving

Method D is hydrophilic (oil loving)

False; water loving

The mechanism of spray hydrophilic emulsifier is a combination of chemical and mechanical action

True

The liquid penetrant cannot be used on densified ceramics because they are porous

False; unfired, not densified

Testing units can be arranged so test objects are moved: manually, mechanically, assisted, semiautomatic, and fully automatic

False; not assisted

Testing stations requirements and dependent on: type of penetrant used, processing requirements, size of test object, and quantity/ production rate desired

True

Application with an electrostatic spray system minimizes consumption of liquid penetrant materials and increases the pooling of penetrant

False; decreases

When using fluorescent materials, ambient (white light) lamps are installed at the rinse and inspection booths

False; UV lamps

Illumination should be checked with calibrated instruments as required by procedures and specifications at the testing area

True

Timers are used at penetrant stations to monitor how long technicians spend at each station

False

Exhaust fans are used when testing is performed in confined spaces to keep technicians cool for extended periods of time

False

Prolonged breathing of penetrant vapors, emulsifier vapors or solvent remover vapors may cause headaches, nausea, or tightness or pain in the chest

True

Hydrometers are used to measure concentration of hydrophilic emulsifier in water

False; specific gravity of water based developers

A refractometer is used to measure specific gravity of water based wet developers

False; concentration of hydrophilic emulsifier in water

Most common, hand-held ultraviolet mercury vapor lamps will produce light in the wavelength range of 320 to 440 nm

True

The filter used in front of the high pressure mercury vapor light has a peak transmission at a wavelength of 365 nm

True

A warm-up time is required for the mercury bulbs to reach full intensity

True

Tubular fluorescent lamps are quite high in output; they are usable in many special applications

False; low in output

With bright penetrant indications and adequate ultraviolet radiation intensity, medium to large indications can be detected under high ambient light

True

Ambient light sensor measures in foot-candles or lux

True

Ultraviolet radiation sensors measure in microwatts per centimeter squared

True

Some procedures require sulfur and halogen cleaners for nickel and titanium alloys

False

Water washable penetrants are highly penetrating oily liquids containing a built-in emulsifying agent that renders the oily media washable with water

True

For special applications, there are fluorescent penetrants that glow red or blue

True

Post emulsification and solvent removable penetrants have similar formulations to those of water washable penetrants- they contain an emulsifying ageny and are soluble in water

False

The emulsifier, usually dyed orange to contrast with the penetrant, may be either lipophilic (detergent water base) or hydrophilic (oil base)

False; oil and water

Emulsifiers are usually applied by brushing, dipping, spraying or flooding

False; not brushing

Hydrophilic emulsifiers require agitation to allow fresh emulsifier to contact the surface penetrant

True

In selecting a solvent remover, only those materials approved by the penetrant manufacturer and penetrant procedure or specification can be used

True

Dry developer is a fluffy powder that is applied to wet test surfaces (after the removal of excess penetrant) for the purpose of absorbing penetrant from discontinuities and enhancing the resultant indications

False; for the purpose of bringing out penetrant

Dry developer is the most adaptable to rough surfaces and automatic processing. It is also the easiest to remove

True

Nonaqueous wet developer is a suspension of developer particles in a rapid drying solvent

True

Of all the developers, the nonaqueous wet developer is the least sensitive in detecting fine discontinuities

False; most sensitive

In the water soluble developer, particles are held in suspension in water and require continuous agitation to keep the particles in suspension

False; water suspendible

In the water suspendible developer, powder is dissolved in water, forming a solution. Once mixed, they remain mixed

False; water soluble

Water based developer requires a periodic check (usually weekly) for concentration with a refractometer

False; hydrometer

Liquid penetrant tests are classified by method of removal of excess penetrant

True

Type III- dual purpose contains dyes that are both colored under ambient light and fluorescent under ultraviolet radiation

True

Flushing the surface with solvent to remove excess penetrant is acceptable when using solvent removable penetrants

False; unacceptable

Surface roughness also affects emulsification time and rate of diffusion

True

Penetrant contamination may cause specks that appear as indications in dry powder developer when viewed under adequate ambient light

False; UV light

Aqueous developers may cause stripping if not properly applied and controlled

True

Penetrant type and method are sometimes decided by the contractor, customer, Level II technician or design engineer

False; Level III

The advantage of the fluorescent penetrant is that fluorescent indications are easier to see

True

The advantage of the water removable penetrant is that it is much more sensitive

False; faster

Field liquid penetrant tests can be effectively and efficiently completed using portable, Type II (visible) penetrant kits and either water wash or solvent wipe

True

The disadvantage of manual wipe is that the method is slow

True

When post emulsification processes are required, appropriately formulated penetrant materials and post emulsification methods must be used

True

The advantage of the post emulsified method is the elimination of worry that penetrant may be rinsed out of shallow discontinuities

True

The choice of developer for all methods is regulated by the technicians' recommendation from past experience

False

Dry developer is best for rough surfaces such as castings, or test objects with fine threads or corners such as keyways

True

Dry developers can be applied immediately after the water rinse, before drying

False; cannot

Both types of wet developers leave a thicker, buildup of developer on rough surfaces such as castings, or test objects with fine threads or corners such as keyways

True

Nonaqueous wet developer is the most sensitive developer because it can be sprayed in a very controlled, thin layer

True

Dry developer is the most sensitive type of developer, and should be used for visible penetrant

False; least