Toes, Foot, Ankle Anatomy

Medial

Toward the Midline of the Body

Lateral

away from the midline of the body

Abduction

movement of the body away from the midline

Adduction

movement of the body towards the midline

plantar flexion

movement of the sole of the foot downward

dorsiflexion

movement of the top of the foot upward

proximal

closest to the trunk (trunk: abdomen, chest, core)

distal

further away from the trunk

How many bones of the foot are there?

26

tarsal

main bones in the back towards your ankle (there are 7)

metatarsal

where your foot starts to get long moving forward (first part of the toes) (there are 5)

phalangeal

your toe area (there are 14)

Ligaments are ____ to ____

bone to bone

Tendons are ____ to ____

muscle to bone

arches of the foot

Neutral - medial longitudinal arch (inside of the foot) slight arch on the lateral longitudinal side (outside of the foot) a transverse arch goes across the foot

Supinated - high arch, your foot is working more to pull the arch higher

Hyper pronated - flat foot

Inversion

sole of the foot tuned inward

eversion

sole of the foot turned outward

sprain

injury to ligament

strain

injury to tendon/muscle

tendonitis

inflammation of the tendon

tendinosis

degeneration or breakdown of the tendon

Joints of the ankle

Talocrural Join - plantar/dorsi flexion. tibia, fibula, talus

Subtalar joint - inversion/eversion. Talus & calcaneal

Muscles of the ankle and lower leg

anterior compartment - dorsiflexion muscles: extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucinogen longus, tribalism anterior (primary dorsiflexor)

superficial posterior compartment - plantar flexion muscles: soleus gastrocnemius

Lateral compartment - eversion muscles: fibularis (peroneus) longus, fibularis (peroneus) brevis, tribalism anterior

deep posterior compartment - inversion muscles: tribalism posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucination longus

Ligaments of the ankle

Ankle eversion is limited by bones and ligaments (lateral malleolus of fibula & deltoid ligament) causing eversion to be more difficult

Anterior talofibular ligament is going to be where you feel pain and what is going to get hurt the easiest