NREMT: Signs/Symptoms/Causes/Treatment

Emphysema

Shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, possible weight loss

Stroke s/s

1-sided weakness, partial/complete loss of the ability to use words, headache/confusion, dizziness, impaired vision, ^BP, unequal pupils and seizures

Myocardial Infarction

Angina, Shortness of breath, doesn’t worsen with breathing, dull pain, dizzniess, feeling faint, nausea

Hyperglycemia

Chronic Thirst/Hunger, dehydration, ^urination, nausea

Tuberculosis

fever, night sweats, loss of energy/appetite, weight loss

Pulmonary Edema

dyspnea, pale/sweaty, hypertension,tachycardia, crackles/wheezing, low SPO2

Pneumonia

fever/chills, green mucus, shortness of breath, (sharp/plueritic) chest pain, headache, crackling

Treatment of Pulmonary edema

High o2 and CPAP

Treatment of Pneumonia

o2 and transport

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

tachycardia, low SPO2,cyanosis, wheezing, pain/swelling in 1 or both legs, >lung sounds in injured lung,shortness of breath

Treatment of Spontaneous Pneumothorax

May requires chest tube, o2, CPAP is contraindicated

Pulmonary Embolism

chest pain, wheezing, pain/swelling in one or both legs, shortness of breath, cough/anxiety

Epiglotitis

Sore throat/difficulty swallowing, stridor, tripod position, muffled voice

Treatment of Epiglotitis

Keep patient comfortable/calm, high o2, transport, do not inspect throat

Cystic Fibrosis

fatigue, frequent pneumonia, coughing up blood/copious mucous, chills, abdominal pain/distention

Cystic Fibrosis treatment

Treat inadequate breathing and transport

Viral Respiratory Infection

infection of lungs, shortness of breath, coughing up yellow/green sputum, fever/chills

Treatment of COPD

o2: nasal cannula

Appendicitis

Persistent RLQ Pain, pain in umbilical region, rupture of appendix: sudden severe pain

Peritonitis

Abdominal pain and rigidity

Cholecystitis

Sharp RUQ or epiglastic pain, pain in shoulder (females 30-50 age group)

Pancreatitis

Epiglastic pain, pain in back or shoulder

GI Bleeding

abnormal stool (dark black/maroon), vomiting "coffee grounds", slow loss of blood (chronic gastrointestinal hemorrage), blood from rectum

Acute Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)

pulsating mass, vomiting, tearing pain from front to back, inequality in pedal pulses

Treatment of AAA

Transport immediately

S&S Anemia

pale,fatigue,shortness of breath

Side effects of Epipen

^heart rate, pallor/dizziness, chest pain, headache/anxiety, nausea, ^heart workload

Inhaled poisons

dizziness, difficulty breathing, headache, nausea, cyanosis, AMS (altered mental status)

Treatment for inhaled poisons

high flow of o2, patient history, physical exam, vitals, transport. think of medical assessment skill

Alcohol Abuse

Swaying/slurred speech, slow reaction time, poor condition

Alcohol withdrawls

gross tremors, profuse sweating, seizures, hypertension, tachycardia

Substance Abuse

Shaking, anxiety, hallucinations, ^pulse and breathing noises, confusion/irritability, nausea

Treatment for substance abuse

physical exam, look for track marks, transport ASAP

Renal Failure

severe dehydration

Treatment of missed dialysis

ABC's, o2 w/NRB @15lpm, monitor, transport, supine/warm (treat for shock)

Hypoglycemia

AMS (altered mental status), drunken stupor, pale/sweaty, tachycardiaseizures, cool/clammy

Causes: HYPOglycemia

too much insulin, not enough food, overexterts (exercise)

Treatment: HYPOglycemia

Oral glucose and transport

Aneurysm

Headache, blurred vision, pass out, comma/death may occur

Treatment for Aneurysm

diuretic medications that removes fluid from circulatory system

Congestive Heart Failure

tachycardia, dyspnea, ^blood pressure, diaphoresis, pulmonary edema, JVD, cough (pink frothy sputum)

SKIN allergic reaction

itching, hives, swelling, warm/tingling

RESPIRATORY allergic reaction

tightness in chest, cough, rapid breathing,labored and noisy breathing, hoarseness, stridor, wheezing

CARDIAC allergic reaction

^heart rate, >blood pressure

SHOCK w/allergic reaction

AMS (altered mental status)/ ALOC (altered level of consciousness), flush/dry/pale, cool/clammy, nausea/vomiting

Diverticulitis

inflamed and infected occurance; Small pouches in intestine wall fill with feces (over 40 age group)

S&S Diverticulitis

Nausea, vomiting, fever, weakness, and pain in the LLQ

Upper GI bleeding

due to ulcers

Lower GI bleeding

due to diverticulitis

Gastroeneritis

contaminated food/water; lead to hypovelmic shock/common in pediatrics

Gastroenteritis

diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting

Hematemesis

vomiting blood

Esophageal Varices

weaking of the blood vessel lining of the esophagus; associated w/alcoholism

Esophagael Varices

Hematemesis (bright red), history of alcoholism/liver disease, s&s of hypovelmic shock

Ulcers

open wounds along the digestive tract (upper GI bleeding)

Abdominal Aoritc Aneurysm (AAA)

weakening of the wall of the Aorta; ruptures; rapid, fatal bleeding

AAA

tearing back pain, pulsating abdominal mass, s&s of hypovelmic shock

Pelvic inflammatory Disease (PID)

painful and requires treatment; nonemergency transport

PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease)

abdominal pain, fever, pain during urination, increase pain while walking.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

abdominal pain, hematuria, painful/frequent urination

Kidney Stones

crystals formed in the kidneys that cause an obstruction in the urinary tract; males

Kidney Failure

kidneys are no longer able to function; water and toxins accumulate in the blood. dialysis needed.

Impaled object removal

it creates airway obstruction; object in chest preventing CPR

Placenta Previa definition

3rd trimester; placenta attatches to uterus over cervical opening

Placenta Previa

painless vaginal bleeding; shock symptoms

Abruptio Placenta

premature seperation on placenta to the uterine wall; oxygen/nutrient compromise; 3rd trimester

Abruptio Placenta

painful vaginal bleeding

Ectopic Pregnancy

implantion of egg outside of the uterus; ruptured uterus

S&S of Ectopic Pregnancy

severe abdominal pain w/or w/out vaginal bleeding (severe if bleeding)

Uterine Rupture

uterus thins w/growth; danger: mother&fetus;

S&S of Uterine Rupture

abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding

Preeclampsia

3rd trimester; sudden swelling in hands, feet, face/ headache; hypertension

Eclampsia

mother siezes after preeclampsia; life-threatning for both

Spontaneous Abortion

(miscarriage); delivery of the fetus before capability of survival; 20th-22nd wk

Spontaneous Abortion

cramping; lower abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, passage of tissue/clots

Supine Hypertensive Syndrome

fetus compresses the inferior vena cava

Supine Hypotensive Syndrome

severe hypotension; dizziness; pale skin, altered LOC

Icteric

Yellow eyes

Perseverate

repeating

Ecchymosis

bruising w/discoloration

ETOH

Ethyl Alcohol

Necrosis

skin is dying

Emesis

vomiting

Edema

swelling

Miosis

pin point pupils/excessive constriction of pupils

Sonorous respirations

snoring; partial upper airway obstruction

meningitis: definition

inflammation of the protective covering of the brain and spinal cord

hemophilia

inability to clot (blood)

Meningitis

fever; stiff neck (nuchal rigidity); headache; vomiting; altered mental status

Hypertension s/s

high BP, severe headache, ringing in ears, epistaxis, bounding pulses, flushed skin, nausea and vomiting, dizziness

What are early vs late signs of shock?

EARLY: increased HR/RR, pale clammy skin, altered. LATE: decreased BP