Characteristics of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Nucleus in Prokaryotes

No nucleus

DNA Structure in Prokaryotes

Single circular chromosome

Membrane in Prokaryotes

Plasma membrane

Organelles in Prokaryotes

No organelles

Ribosomes in Prokaryotes

Smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes and free in the cytoplasm

Cytoskeleton in Prokaryotes

No cytoskeleton, made of actin if there is one

Cell Walls in Prokaryotes

Complex structure made of peptidoglycan in bacteria

Flagella movement in Prokaryotes

Rotating movement, 360

Cilia in Prokaryotes

Cilia are absent in prokaryotes, as they lack the complex structures found in eukaryotic cells.

Nucleus in Eukaryotes

Has a nucleus

DNA Structure in Eukaryotes

Multiple linear chromosomes

Membrane in Eukaryotes

Plasma membrane, nuclear membrane, IR membrane (all other organelle membranes)

Organelles in Eukaryotes

Present in variety of forms, like mitochondria, chloroplasts, and Golgi apparatus, etc.

Ribosomes in Eukaryotes

Present in the cytoplasm and attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, they are larger (80S) than prokaryotic ribosomes (70S); responsible for protein synthesis.

Cytoskeleton in Eukaryotes

A network of protein filaments and tubules that maintain cell shape, enable cellular movement, and assist in intracellular transport.

Cell Walls in Eukaryotes

Cell walls in eukaryotes provide structure and protection, primarily composed of cellulose in plants, chitin in fungi, and are absent in animal cells.

Present in fungi, algae, plants

Flagella movement in Eukaryotes

A whip-like motion, up and down

Cilia in Eukaryotes

Found in some cells. Short, hair-like structures that beat in coordinated waves to facilitate movement or circulate fluid.