APUSH Unit 1

Columbian Exchange

interchange of diseases, plants, animals, and human cultures between the Old and New Worlds after 1492

Encomienda System

in Spanish colonies, grant to a Spanish settler of a certain number of native subjects for goods/labor

Motives for European exploration

God, gold, glory

Jamestown

didn’t go well, bad location with tidal water, cold, food shortage, fighting within colony but now English could settle/farm land and gained tobacco

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

confirmed Hartford independence from Massachusetts, Puritans thought Boston government was to restrictive so they created their own colony: Connecticut

Mayflower Compact

1620, agreement among Pilgrims + “strangers” to get along to survive the winter

New England Confederation

acted as a defense against natives and Dutch

Puritans

extreme Protestants within Church of England, wanted to stay in the Church but remove Catholic ways

Mercantilism

governments intervenes in economy for the purpose of national wealth

Navigation Acts of 1660

restricted colonial trade to only England

Enlightenment

emphasized individualism instead of tradition

Virginia and Carolina Colonies

relied heavily on slaves to produce crops, economy relied on large plantations

Salutary Neglect

Britain could not intervene in colonial affairs

Dominion of New England

settled by highly religious Puritans, developed small towns with family farms, had thriving mixed economy

Headright System

granted settlers a set amount of land for each “head” in the colony

Bacon’s Rebellion

indentured servants/slaves wanted to kick out natives, killed a bunch of natives, why colonies stopped using indentured servants and used slaves from Africa instead

Slavery in the Americas

slaves were imported from Africa to produce crops to make money, at first there were no regulations on slavery and slaves could be bargain for their freedom by converting to Christianity but then slavery became codified and rules were put in place to control them

Native Americans and Europeans

some Europeans like the Dutch became allies with the natives to further trade, Spanish wanted to convert them to Christianity, French only wanted transactional relationships with them

Great Awakening

revival of spirituality and religious devotion, revival of Protestant beliefs

Zenger Case

John Zenger protested the power of the royal governor, case established that truthful statements about public officials could not be considered libel (it’s not slander if it’s true)

Salem Witch Trials

1692-1693, hysteria in Salem Massachusetts, women and men were accused of being witches who had made a pact with the devil, some were executed

Virginia House of Burgesses

first legislative body in colonial America, passed laws and maintain order in Jamestown