ANS 2240 Companion Animal Exam 2

A TPLO surgery is required to fix which condition

Ruptured cruciate ligament

how many bones do dogs have

319

differences between dog and cat skeletons

cats have looser vertebrae, shoulder blades only connected via muscle, narrow chests

Skeletal system Failures

Hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, ruptured cruciate, patellar luxation, extreme pelvic limb angulation, brachycephalic skull

hip dysplasia

hereditary, malformation of hip joint resulting in loosness

can be caused by extreme growth

hip dysplasia is common in what breeds

large dogs, main coon cats

symptoms of hip dysplasia

decrease in physical activity, increase in shoulder muscle mass, hind limb lameness, intermittent/constant, bunny hopping, narrow stance, stair reluctance

elbow dysplasia

3 elbow bones not fitting together properly: radius, ulna, and humerus cause progressive arthritis and loss of joint function

causes of elbow dysplasia

hereditary, large breed dogs

ruptured cruciate

twisting knee injury joint resulting in torn anterior cruciate ligament

how to treat torn cruciate

surgery, TPLO [tibial plateau leveling osteotomy], still develop arthritis later in life

Pattelar luxation

medial or lateral sliding of the patella, genetic, due to flattening of trochlear groove

symptoms of patella luxation

skipping

most common breeds effected by patellar luxation

toys and small terriers

what does the portal system connect and why

gastrointestinal tract and liver in order to filter out toxins

lymphatic system

drainiage system, one way that filters fluid at lymph nodes, includes speen, bone marrow, is part of ciculatory system

VHS

vertebral heart score, measurement of heart by vertebrae of the animal to determine whether or not heart is enlarged

Failures of circulatory system

Dilated cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, heartworms, lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, mast cell tumor

DCM

Dilated cardiomyopathy, enlarged left ventricle resulting in inefficient blood circulation

Causes of DCM

Hereditary, taurine deficiency

Congestive heart failure

long term, heart cannot handle standard amount of blood, fluid buildup occurs

difficulty breathing, high respiratory rate. trament for the fluid and heart disease

heartworms

parasite, musquito, 100% preventable and medication fro treatment is very hard on animal

symptoms of heartworm

lethargy, coughing, decreased appetite, vomiting

Lymphoma

cancer of white blood cells, accounts for 15-20% of cancer in dogs and 33% in cats

how is lymphoma treated

chemotherapy

Hemangiosarcoma

canine disease acounting for 5-7% of tumors in dogs, filled with blood and cause internal bleeding affecting spleen and heart accounts

treatment for Hermangio sarcoma

if tumor is found on spleen before rupturing, surgical removal

Mast cell tumor

most prevalent dog skin cancer, start with immune(mast) cells, will spread to other organs

how to treat a mast cell tumor

surgery or radiation

symptoms of tracheal collapse

sudden dry cough in toy breeds that is more persistent when pressure around neck

waste products from urogenital system

creatinine, urea

sex limited trait

trait only expressed in one sex, not found on the sex chromosomes

sex linked trait

genes located on one of the two sex chromosomes, diseases that have higher risk in one sex

epistasis

interaction of genes at different loci, one hides another

modifier gene

alter phenotypic expression of another gene

additive

work together to express phenotype, no dominating

color of an bbE_ lab

brown

color of a B_E_ lab

black

color of a __ee lab

yellow

short coat is what kind of gene

dominant

curly is what type of gene

dominant

wiry is what type of gene

dominant

aguoti is what kind of gene

dominant

what does it mean that all cats are tabby

there is no non taby gene but other genes can mask tabby

klinefelter syndrome

2 x chromosomes along with y