Presentation_ Eukaryotic cell structure (Revised 2023)

What are the four life processes that depend on eukaryotic cells?

Manufacture of proteins, breakdown of molecules, energy processing, structural support, movement and communication.

What organelle is considered the 'powerhouse' of the cell?

Mitochondria.

What is the function of chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells?

Photosynthesis.

What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

Structures where proteins are made.

What are lysosomes responsible for?

Contain digestive enzymes to break down old organelles, food, and destroy bacteria and viruses.

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Site of cellular chemical reactions; can be rough (with ribosomes) or smooth (without ribosomes).

What is the structure that controls cell activity and contains DNA?

The nucleus.

What does the cytoskeleton do?

Maintains cell shape and assists organelles in moving.

What is the main storage component in plant cells?

A large central vacuole.

What are the main differences between cilia and flagella?

Cilia are short and numerous, while flagella are longer and move with a whiplike motion.

What is the purpose of the Golgi apparatus?

To package and store proteins.

What surrounds the nucleus and has large pores?

The nuclear envelope.

What are the two types of ribosomes?

Free ribosomes (in cytoplasm) and bound ribosomes (attached to endoplasmic reticulum).

Which organelles have their own DNA?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts.

What is a vacuole's function?

Storage space for extra water, food, or waste.

What is the function of peroxisomes?

Break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances.