Studied by 0 peopleObservation
Using your senses to gather information
Predicting
guessing the most likely outcome of a future event based upon a pattern of evidence
classifying
grouping or ordering objects or events into categories based upon their characteristics
measuring
using the standard measuring units to gather a type of quantitative data (Ex: volume, length, width)
inferring
making assumptions based on observations that could potentially explain something
communicating
using words, symbols, to describe an object, action or event to share information
predicting, classifying, observation, measuring, inferring, communicating
what are the 6 basic science process steps? (P.COMIC)
biology
what is the scientific study of life?
science
what is an approach to understanding that is based on inquiry
exploration
what does biology begin with (like other sciences)
data
recorded observations, information you have gathered from your experiment
hypothesis
a proposed explanation or educated guess for your experiment
testable and falsifiable
a hypothesis must be BLANK and BLANK
phenomena
scientists seek natural causes for natural BLANK
results
BLANK will support or not support the hypothesis
peer review
In order to publish something the writing must be evaluated by an anonymous scientist, this process is known as a BLANK
theory
An explanation of phenomena that was based off of many hypothesis and experiments from valid scientists
hypothesis, theory
a lot of BLANK leads to a BLANK
fact
a BLANK is a piece of information considered TRUE based off all current evidence
variables
BLANK are factors that change in an experiment
control group
what group will NOT be affected by the independent variable
experimental group
what group WILL be affected by the independent variable
controlled experiment
a BLANK is a type of experiment that tests one factor at a time
x
what axis is the independent variable on
y
what axis is the dependent variable on
placebo
something which has a positive mental effect, but no physical effect
double blind controlled study
what is the gold standard for a medical trial.
pseudoscience
A fake or false science that makes claims based on little or no scientific evidence.
anecdotal evidence
what type of evidence is opinion based and is based off one or little examples? usually is used in pseudoscience
all organisms are made up of one or more cells
what is the 1st characteristic of life?
displays organization
what is the second characteristic of life?
grows and develops
what is the 3rd characteristic of life?
responds to stimuli
what is the 4th characteristic of life?
requires energy
what is the 5th characteristic of life?
maintains homeostasis
what is the 6th characteristic of life?
adapts and evolves over time
what is the 7th characteristic of life?
it reproduces
what is the 8th characteristic of life?
independent variable
the factor that changes during the experiment and is being tested
dependent variable
the outcome of the independent variable, the thing that's being measured
sources of error
unexpected errors that can be made in. your experiment
bias
a prejudice or opinion someone has through life experiences
stimulus
a trigger that sets off physical or behavioral differences
sexual reproduction
the process of organism combining genetic information
asexual reproduction
reproduction without the fusion of living organisms
homeostasis
a balance created by the body in order to survive and function
metabolism
when the body converts what you consume into energy
cells
a small unit of life in every living thing
evolve
when the species change due to the environment
biosphere
the parts of Earth that contain living organisms
what is matter
It is anything that has mass and takes up space
what is mass
the amount of matter in an object
What is a element?
a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions
what is the atomic number?
number of protons and electrons
What is the atomic mass?
mass of the atom
STARRED: of the BLANK naturally occurring elements, 25 are essential to people
92
STARRED: BLANK are required in only very small amounts and are essential for life
trace elements
Elements can combine to form BLANK, substances that contain two or more elements in a fixed ratio.
compounds
what are the most common elements in a living organism?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
what is a fixed ratio?
a ratio is used to compare the amount of elements in a chemical formula
atom
the smallest unit of matter
a proton is
positively charged
an electron is
negatively charged
a neutron is
electrically charged
how many atomic mass units does a proton have? (AMU)
1 amu
how do you get the number of neutrons?
subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass number
what is an isotope?
same number of protons, different number of neutrons
what is a radioactive isotope?
an isotope that is unstable and the nucleous decays spontaneously
what is a chemical bond?
the force that holds two atoms together
what are atoms that are electrically charged as a result of gaining and losing electrons
ions
what is formed between oppositely charged ions
ionic bonds
what are cations
positively charged ions
what is anion?
A negatively charged ion
What is a covalent bond?
A chemical bond formed when two or atoms share electrons.
covalent bonds hold together atoms in BLANK
molecules
What is a non-polar bond?
a covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally
What is a polar covalent bond?
unequal sharing of electrons
Is water polar or non-polar?
polar
hydrogen bonds
weak attraction between water molecules
REMINDER: you must draw the H20 in a model for the test (type: ok)
ok
what are chemical reactions?
the making and breaking of chemical bonds
reactants
the input of a chemical reaction
products
the output of a chemical reaction
what percentage of matter are our cells made up of?
70-95%
water molecules stick together as a result of BLANK
hydrogen bonding
what is cohesion
molecules of the same kind sticking together
what is surface tension?
A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid
what is adhesion?
when molecules stick to something
What is evaporative cooling?
As a liquid evaporates, its remaining surface cools
a chunk of ice floats because...
its less dense
What is a solution?
a mixture of solute and solvent
what is solvent
the substance in which the solute dissolves in
what is solute?
the substance that is dissolved
what is aqeous solution?
a chemical compound that releases H+ to solution
what is an acid?
a compound that accepts H+ and removes them from solution
what are buffers?
they minimize changes in pH
How do ionic bonds form?
When one element that wants one or more electrons to fill its outer electron shells is strong enough to take one or more electrons from another element.
what type of bond is formed when the electronegativity difference is 1.5 or higher
ionic bond
what type of bond is formed when the electronegativity difference is 1.5 or lower
covalent bond
acclimation
Physiological adjustment that occurs gradually, though still reversibly, in response to an environmental change.
aphotic zone
The region of an aquatic ecosystem beneath the photic zone, where light levels are too low for photosynthesis to take place.
Note
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