P1-PERIO-CHAPTER 10 DENTAL PLAQUE

Intercellular matrix

-Bacteria

What makes up biofilm

-Scalin

-Root planing

For calculus, it can only be removed through

-Supragingival plaque

-Subgingival plaque

Plaque is differentiated intow two categories:

Supragingival plaque

Dental plaque above gingival margin

Subgingival plaque

Dental plaque below gingival margin

-Coronal plaque

-Marginal plaque

Supragingival plauqe is differentiated into two categories

Coronal plaque

Type of supragingival palque that is in contact wtih only the tooth surface

Marginal plaque

Type of supragingival palque is associated with the tooth surface at the gingival margin

-Attached plaque

-Unattached plaque

Subgingival plaqie can be further differentiated intow two categories:

Sulcus epithelium

In attached gingiva, it would stick to what type of epithelium?

Corncob formation

Supragingival morphology:

remnant or secretory product from juntional epithelial cell

Define cuticle

Test tube brush

Subgingival morphology:

-Lipipolysaccharides (LPS)

-Exotoxin

-Enzyme agents

The virulence factors of subgingival plaque

Attached subgingival plaque

This type of plaque is most harmful to periodontal structures

-Gram negative rods and spirochetes

In unattached subgingival plaque, the bottom of sulcus or pocket cotnains?

Unattached subgingival plaque

This plaque is where free-floating bacteria exist

Nonspecific plaque hypothesis

This theory suggest periodontal diseases arise from plaque accumulation over time, leadung to reduced host response and icnreased susceptibility with age. It asserts that periodontal disease results from harmful products produced by the netire plaque flora

Specific plaque hypothesis

This theory relies on the qualitative composition of resident microbiota. Specific microorgansims in plaque can provoke periodontal disease by producing substances that damage host tissues.

Marsh and colleagues (1990)

Who made the ecologic plaque hypothesis and date?

Ecologic plaque hypothesis

This theory suggests that both quantity and microbial composition of plaque lead to health problems

Keystone pathogen hypothesis, ploymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis model

This theory suggest that certain low-abundance microbial pathogens can transform a benign microbiota into a dysbiotic one, leading to inflammatory disease.

1. Physical nature of plaque

2. Invasion of tissues by bacteria

3. Release of toxic and inflammatory substances

4. Role of bacterial specificity

Causes plaque to become harmful:

-Tooth associated

-EPithelium associated

Two categories of attached plaque

Tooth associated attached plaque

What type of attached plaque does not extend or invade JE

Epithelium attached plaque

What type of attached plaque would extend to JE

1.Formation of the peillicle on tooth surface

2. Initial adhesion

3. Colonization/Biofilm maturation

Phases of formation/developement of dental plaque

-Brownian system

-Sedimantation

-Chemotatic acid

In phase 1 Transport to tooth surface, WHat are the types of transportation for bacteria

A. viscosus

What is the prominent bacteria in bioflm

Precipitation of salt -> calcular deposit

In formation of dental calculus, what is the process?

50%

In formation of dental calculus, what percent would the plaque be mineralized in 2 days?

60-90%

In formation of dental calculus, what percent would the plaque be mineralized in 12 days

6 months = 100%

- reversal phenomenon( slowed down mineralization)

In formation of dental calculus, what percentage would be in 6 months and what would happen after?

Initial attachment

In phase 1 trasnportation to tooth surface, which phase is when bacterial(pellicle) attachement is reversible

Strong attachment

In phase 1 trasnportation to tooth surface, which phase is when bacterial (pellicle) attachment is irreversible

Phase 3 Colonization

In what phase is when late colonizers attach to primary colonizers

F. Nucleatum

What is the most common late colonizer?

grey to yellowish- grey to yellow

In supragingival plaque, what type of color is it?

Salivary calculus

supragingival calculus is also known as?

whitish yellow

color of supragingival calculus

Tactical probing

How is subgingival detected

-lingual surface (anterior teeth)

-Near wharton's and bartholin's ducts

-Buccal sides of maxillar ymoalrs (near stenson's duct)

iN supragingival calculus, its prevalent in

-gingival exudate

-serumal calculus

subgingival calculus is formed from what and hence is called what?

Booster mechanism

In theory of calculus formation, this theory suggests that calcium phosphate salts precipitate due to a local rise in saliva pH causing by factors like carbon dioxide loss and ammonia production

Epitactic concept

In theory of calculus formation, this theory suggest that seeding agents promot small calcification foci that grow and merge to form calculus

-ICM of plaque

-Carbohydrate-rotein complexes

-Plaque bacteria

In epitactic concept, what are the 3 seeding agents?

Inhibiting theory

In the theory of calculus formation, this theory considers the possiblity of calcification occuring only at specific sites because there exists an inhibiting mechanism at non-calcifying sites

Calculus

THis is mineralized bacterial plaque on teeth and prosthesis

Attached plaque

in subgingival plaque, what type of plaque is the most harmful to Periodontal structures