Review Notes - US History Semester 1 - FINAL VERSION Slavery in the British Colonies, 1607–1754 Context and Growth of Slavery 1619: The first record

First recorded Africans in Virginia

1619, initially treated like indentured servants but defined as permanent slaves by mid-1600s.

Bacon's Rebellion (1676)

Conflict that led to decline in indentured servitude and increase in reliance on enslaved Africans.

Transatlantic Slave Trade

The movement of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean, part of the 'Middle Passage.

Slave Codes (1660s onward)

Laws establishing lifelong slavery based on the status of the mother in Virginia and Maryland.

Racial Ideology

Belief in racial superiority that justified slavery and created social hierarchies.

Economic Backbone of Chesapeake

Tobacco plantations heavily relied on enslaved labor.

Widespread Presence of Slavery

By 1754, slavery was present in all colonies, with varying scales and roles.

Urban Slavery

In New England and Middle colonies, enslaved people often worked in households and trades.

Coercive Acts (1774)

Drastic measures by Britain to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party.

Declaration of Independence (1776)

Formal declaration by the colonies asserting their independence from Britain.

John Locke's Two Treatises of Government

Work arguing against absolute monarchy, emphasizing natural rights and the consent of the governed.

George Whitefield

Famous revivalist preacher of the First Great Awakening, known for emotional sermons.

Tensions after French and Indian War

Results in Britain imposing new taxes and regulations leading to colonial resentment.

Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer

Series of essays by John Dickinson arguing against British taxation without representation.

Anne Hutchinson

Puritan leader tried for heresy; advocated for salvation through grace rather than good works.

The Great Awakening

Religious revival movement emphasizing individual faith and leading to the growth of new denominations.

Thomas Paine's Common Sense

Pamphlet advocating for American independence, arguing monarchy is corrupt.

Proclamation of 1763

British law preventing colonial settlement west of the Appalachians to reduce Native American conflicts.

Resistance Methods

Slave revolts, cultural preservation, and attempts to escape by enslaved people.

Maryland Toleration Act (1649)

Act granting freedom of worship to all Christians in Maryland.

Economic Boycotts

Colonial protests against British taxation, demonstrating unity and organized resistance.

National Identity Formation

Emergence of a shared identity among colonists, fostering cooperation during the Revolution.