KINE 340: Exam 2

studied byStudied by 79 People
5.0(1)
Get a hint
hint

least movable end of the muscle

1/105

Tags & Description

Biomechanics (2), Program Design for Resistance Training (17), Periodization (21)

Studying Progress

New cards
105
Still learning
0
Almost done
0
Mastered
0
105 Terms
New cards

least movable end of the muscle

what is the origin of the muscle?

New cards
New cards

most movable end of the muscle

what is the insertion of the muscle?

New cards
New cards

agonist

what is the muscle most directly involved in bringing about a movement, also known as the prime mover?

New cards
New cards

antagonist

what is the muscle that can slow down or stop the movement?

New cards
New cards

synergist

what is the muscle that assists indirectly in a movement?

New cards
New cards

false

true or false

all muscles in the body act through levers

New cards
New cards

bony levers

what do body movements directly involved in sport and exercise primarily act through?

New cards
New cards

moment arm

what is the distance between the fulcrum and the area where force is applied

New cards
New cards

mechanical advantage

what is the ratio of the moment arm through which an applied force acts to that through which a resistive force acts?

New cards
New cards

mechanical advantage

is it a mechanical advantage or disadvantage when a person can apply less force than the resistive force to produce an equal amount of torque?

New cards
New cards

mechanical disadvantage

is it a mechanical advantage or disadvantage when a person must apply greater force than the amount of resistive force present?

New cards
New cards

first class lever

what type of lever has the muscle force and resistive force acting on opposite sides of the fulcrum?

New cards
New cards

seesaw, sesamoid bone, triceps, neck muscles

what are examples of first class levers?

New cards
New cards

false (can be advantage or disadvantage)

true or false

first class levers are always at a mechanical disadvantage

New cards
New cards

second class lever

what type of lever has the muscle force and resistive force on the same side of the fulcrum with the muscle force having a longer moment arm?

New cards
New cards

true

true or false

second class levers are always at a mechanical advantage

New cards
New cards

wheelbarrow

what is an example of a second class lever?

New cards
New cards

third class lever

what is a type of lever where the muscle force and resistive force act on the same side of the fulcrum but the muscle force has a shorter movement arm?

New cards
New cards

paddling, throwing a baseball

what is an example of a third class lever?

New cards
New cards

false (disadvantage)

true or false

third class levers are always at a mechanical advantage

New cards
New cards

high velocity of movement or great range of motion

what are benefits of third class levers?

New cards
New cards

more work and force, less mechanical efficiency

what are drawbacks of third class levers?

New cards
New cards

maintaining quad tendon’s distance from knee’s axis of rotation

how does the patella increase the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps muscle group?

New cards
New cards

third class levers

what type of levers are most muscles in the body?

New cards
New cards

speed

do more proximal tendon insertions lead to greater speed or strength?

New cards
New cards

strength

do more distal tendon insertions lead to greater speed or strength?

New cards
New cards

higher movement velocities

why does olympic weightlifting have a much higher power component than the sport of powerlifting?

New cards
New cards

concentric

what is the type of muscle contraction in which the muscle is shortening because the contractile force is greater than the resistive force?

New cards
New cards

how much force a muscle can produce

what do concentric contractions determine?

New cards
New cards

eccentric

what is the type of muscle contraction in which the muscle is lengthening because the contractile force is less than the resistive force?

New cards
New cards

how much force a muscle can withstand

what do eccentric contractions determine?

New cards
New cards

isometric

what is the type of muscle contraction in which the muscle does not change in length because contractile force is equal to resistive force?

New cards
New cards

less

when weight is horizontally closer to a joint, does it exert more or less resistive torque?

New cards
New cards

more

when weight is horizontally farther from a joint, does it exert more or less resistive torque?

New cards
New cards

movement, physiological, injury

what analyses are used to evaluate the requirements and characteristics of the sport in a needs analysis?

New cards
New cards

movement analysis

what type of analysis analyzes body and limb movement patterns and muscular involvement?

New cards
New cards

physiological analysis

what type of analysis analyzes the strength, power, hypertrophy, and muscular endurance priorities?

New cards
New cards

injury analysis

what type of analysis analyzes common sites for joint and muscle injury and causative factors?

New cards
New cards

adduction of hip, internal rotation of hip, anterior translation of tibia

what are the mechanisms of injury for an ACL tear?

New cards
New cards

low sport practice, high resistance training

what are the general training priorities during off-season?

New cards
New cards

medium sport practice, medium resistance training

what are the general training priorities during preseason?

New cards
New cards

high sport practice, low resistance training

what are the general training priorities during in-season?

New cards
New cards

restoring range of motion

what are the general training priorities during postseason?

New cards
New cards

one or more large muscle areas, two or more primary joints, prioritized because of direct application to sport

what are characteristics of core exercises?

New cards
New cards

smaller muscle areas, one primary joint, less important to improving sport performance

what are characteristics of assistance exercises

New cards
New cards

structural exercise

what type of exercises emphasize loading the spine directly or indirectly (axially, anteriorly or posteriorly)?

New cards
New cards

true

true or false

a front squat is an example of a direct structural exercise

New cards
New cards

false (indirect)

true or false

a deadlift is an example of a direct structural exercise

New cards
New cards

power exercises

what are exercises that are structural exercises that are performed very quickly or explosively?

New cards
New cards

exercises that have a greater likelihood that there will be a positive transfer to the sport

what are sport-specific exercises?

New cards
New cards

agonist

what muscle or muscle group is actively causing the movement?

New cards
New cards

antagonist

what muscle or muscle group is passive and located on the opposite side of the limb?

New cards
New cards

do not involve high stress, promote movement & restoration

what are characteristics of exercises used to promote recovery?

New cards
New cards

false

true or false

training frequency is not influenced by the overall amount of physical stress

New cards
New cards

HPA axis

what is stress caused by?

New cards
New cards

false

true or false

athletes competing during low academic stress weeks are more likely to get injured

New cards
New cards

power, other nonpower core, assistance

in what order should exercises be performed?

New cards
New cards

fatigue inhibits the ability to learn new skills

why should power exercises be performed first in a training exercise?

New cards
New cards

1-6

how many repetitions can demonstrate strength according to the repetition maximum continuum (RM)?

New cards
New cards

1-5

how many repetitions can demonstrate power according to the repetition maximum continuum (RM)?

New cards
New cards

6-12

how many repetitions can demonstrate hypertrophy according to the repetition maximum continuum (RM)?

New cards
New cards

13+

how many repetitions can demonstrate muscular endurance according to the repetition maximum continuum (RM)?

New cards
New cards

>95% 1RM, based only on core exercises

what load is utilized in strength training goals? are these applicable for all strength training?

New cards
New cards

80-90% 1RM

what load is utilized in single-effort power training goals?

New cards
New cards

75-85% 1RM

what load is utilized in multiple-effort power training goals?

New cards
New cards

65-85% 1RM

what load is utilized in hypertrophy training goals?

New cards
New cards

<65% 1RM

what load is utilized in muscular endurance?

New cards
New cards

<6 reps, 2-6 sets

how many sets and repetitions are required for strength training?

New cards
New cards

1-2 reps, 3-5 sets

how many sets and repetitions are required for single-effort power training?

New cards
New cards

3-5 reps, 3-5 sets

how many sets and repetitions are required for multiple-effort power training?

New cards
New cards

6-12 reps, 3-6 sets

how many sets and repetitions are required for hypertrophy training?

New cards
New cards

>12 reps, 2-3 sets

how many sets and repetitions are required for muscular endurance training?

New cards
New cards

2-5 min

how much rest is required during strength training?

New cards
New cards

2-5 min

how much rest is required during single effort power training?

New cards
New cards

2-5 min

how much rest is required during multiple effort power training?

New cards
New cards

30-90 sec

how much rest is required during hypertrophy training?

New cards
New cards

<30 sec

how much rest is required during muscular endurance training?

New cards
New cards

30-60% 1RM

what load is usually used during traditional resistance exercises?

New cards
New cards

untrained individuals or during first several months of training

when is single-set training appropriate?

New cards
New cards

higher volumes, intermediate/advanced resistance-trained athletes

when is multiple-set training appropriate?

New cards
New cards

training goal, relative load lifted, athlete’s training status

what determines the length of the rest period between sets and exercises?

New cards
New cards

true

true or false

maximal or near-maximal loads require longer rest periods

New cards
New cards

2-5 minutes (2-3 songs)

what are the guidelines for rest during strength and power training?

New cards
New cards

alarm, resistance, exhaustion

what are the stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome?

New cards