QA Testing Sample Test 2

Recall the relation between testing and quality assurance. In what way does root cause analysis contribute to quality assurance?

Helps to better identify and correct the root cause of defects. Root cause analysis can determine common causes of issues. Addressing these common causes by process improvement can increase quality.

Recall the advantages of the whole team approach. You are working in an Agile team where the testers are being accused of slowing down the process because of the time system testing is taking. Which of the following would be an approach that would better spread the skills of the team to complete the tasks?

Whole Team. The whole team approach would support the developers helping with the testing tasks rather than waiting for the testers to complete all the testing.

Differentiate testing from debugging. Which of the following is an example of debugging?

A developer finds and fixes a defect. Debugging is what the developer does to identify the cause of the defect, analyze it and fix it.

Explain the seven testing principles. Which of the following is a true statement about exhaustive testing?

It is not feasible except in the case of trivial software. Exhaustive testing, all combinations of inputs and preconditions, is not feasible unless the software is trivially simple. Otherwise, it would take too long and might not even be possible.

Explain the value of maintaining traceability. If you need to provide a report showing test case execution coverage of the requirements, what do you need to track?

Traceability between the test cases and the requirements. In order to show the test execution coverage of the requirements you will need traceability between the requirements and the test cases. As the test cases are executed this traceability can be used to record tests executed against the requirements.

Compare the different roles in testing. Who normally writes the test plan for a project?

The test manager. Writing and updating the test plan is normally the responsibility of the test manager.

Differentiate the testware that support the test activities. Your team has conducted a quality risk analysis and has determined the likelihood, impact and mitigation plan for each identified risk. This information should be captured in what work product?

Risk register. This information should be recorded in the risk register. The risk register should be referenced in the test plan for the project.

Give examples of the generic skills required for testing. You are working with a junior tester who has been given a user story to test. They have created only one positive path test for the story. You know there are more areas that should be tested for this story, including negative scenarios. 

Which of the following generic skills do they appear to be lacking?

Creativity. It appears they are lacking in creativity in designing test scenarios.

Recall good testing practices that apply to all software development lifecycles. Which of the following is an example of a good testing practice?

Different test levels should have specific test objectives. 

Recall the examples of test-first approaches to development. Which development approach captures the requirements in a simple test case format?

BDD. Behavior-driven development uses the given/when/then format to define the test cases. Those are then used as the requirements to develop the code.

Distinguish the different test types. Usability testing is an example of which type of testing?

Non-functional. Usability is one of the non-functional test types according to ISO 25010.

Distinguish confirmation testing from regression test. You have been receiving daily builds from the developers. Even though they are documenting the fixes they are including in each build, you are finding that the fixes either aren’t in the build or are not working. What type of testing is best suited for finding these issues?

Confirmation testing. Confirmation testing will determine if a fix is present in a build and if it actually fixes the defect it is supposed to fix.

Explain how retrospectives can be used as a mechanism for process improvement. Your team has just completed a retrospective. They have discussed what was successful and should be retained, and they discussed what improvements are needed. What else do they need to discuss in order to recognize process improvements?

What will be retained or changed for the future. It’s great to gather the information, but in order for change to really be made, it has to be planned for implementation in future sprints/releases/projects.

Summarize how DevOps might have an impact on testing. Your organization has decided to implement DevOps. One of the biggest concerns from the operations people is that there have been ongoing performance issues in production. How will implementing DevOps and CI/CD help with this problem?

Performance testing can be integrated into the CI/CD pipeline to test it incrementally and repeatedly throughout development. 

With a CI/CD implementation, performance testing can be implemented throughout the pipeline, starting with the unit testing and continuing through to the fully developed product. CI/CD will also help ensure that the delivery is into the proper environments that can support the various types of testing.

Recognize types of work products that can be examined by the different static test techniques. Which of the following techniques is a form of static testing?

Code review

Recall the factors that contribute to a successful review.

You are frequently asked to participate in reviews of requirements. Unfortunately, you usually receive the document to be reviewed the night before the review meeting will be held. This is resulting in your not doing a thorough review and having to work significant overtime to get the review done. What review success factor is missing from this process?

Allowing adequate time to conduct the review. The reviewers are not being given adequate time to conduct the review.

Compare and contrast static testing and dynamic testing. What is the main difference between static and dynamic testing?

Dynamic testing requires executing the software; the software is not executed during static testing. Dynamic testing is done while the software is actually running whereas static testing depends on examining the software while it is not running.

Compare and contrast the different review types. If a review session is led by the author of the work product, what type of review is it?

Walkthrough. In a walkthrough, the author normally leads the review session.

Distinguish black-box, white-box, and experience-based test techniques. If test cases are derived from looking at the code, what type of test design technique is being used?

White-box

Explain statement testing. How is statement coverage determined?

Number of executable statements tested divided by the total number of executable statements. each tested statement is considered to be exercised.

Explain the value of white-box testing.

You are working on a project with very tight deadlines. The code is being developed but is not yet executable. What type of testing could you apply that would help find defects now?

White-box. You have code that can be structurally reviewed for items such as the proper handling of branching.

Explain error guessing.

If you are using error guessing to target your testing, which type of testing are you doing?

Experience-based. This is an experience-based technique.

Explain exploratory testing.

When exploratory testing is conducted using time-boxing and test charters, what is it called?

Session-based testing. This is often called session-based testing and may use session sheets.

Classify the different options for writing acceptance criteria.

You are writing some acceptance criteria for a story. You have decided to make a list of all the likely inputs to the code and the expected outputs based on those inputs. What format are you using?

Rules-oriented. This is a rules-oriented format.

Use equivalence partitioning to derive test cases.

You are testing a banking application that allows a customer to withdraw 20, 100 or 500 dollars in a single transaction. The values are chosen from a drop-down list and no other values may be entered. How many equivalence partitions need to be tested to achieve 100% equivalence partition coverage?

4. The values to be tested are 20, 100, 500 and no selection.

Use boundary value analysis to derive test cases.

You are testing a scale system that determines shipping rates for a regional web-based auto parts distributor. Due to regulations, shipments cannot exceed 100 lbs. You want to include boundary value analysis as part of your black-box test design.

How many tests will you need to execute to achieve 100% two-value boundary value analysis

10. 2 per valid weight range plus one for a negative weight and one for a weight exceeding 100 lbs (-1, 0, 10, 11, 25, 26, 50, 51, 100, 101).

Use decision table testing to derive test cases.

Which of the following is the correct decision table for the following pseudocode for ordering a hamburger? Note: if you add or delete items from the basic burger, you no longer get the basic burger.

Use state transition testing to derive test cases.

You are testing an e-commerce transaction that has the following states and transitions:

1. Login (invalid) > Login

2. Login > Search

3. Search > Search

4. Search > Shopping Cart

5. Shopping Cart > Search

6. Shopping Cart > Checkout

7. Checkout > Search

8. Checkout > Logout

8. There are 8 transitions that should be shown in the state transition diagram as explained in the question.

Use acceptance test-driven development (ATDD) to derive test cases.

You are creating test cases for the following story, applying the ATDD approach.

• As a hotel owner I want to reserve all the rooms on a floor before moving to the next floor So I can maximize the efficiency of the housekeeping staff

You have decided to apply boundary value analysis to this requirement and have identified the following partitions for the occupancy of a floor:

• 0 | 1 - floor full | overbooked

You also want to be sure that the software is usable by the staff and that it performs quickly in determining which floors have availability.

You have designed the following test cases:

• Test with 1 occupant on the floor

• Test with the floor full and ensure the next floor is made available for bookings

• Test with 0 occupants on the floor and ensure that floor is only available when lower floors are fully booked

• Test the usability to ensure hotel staff will find the software usable

• Test for response time when the system is at average load and the hotel is 80% occupied

What are you missing?

A test for trying to assign someone to a floor that is full.

The test that is missing is to try to see if you can allocate someone to a floor that is already fully booked. This is a negative test and should result in an error.

Identify risk level by using risk likelihood and risk impact.

Level of risk is determined by which of the following?

Likelihood and impact. The combination of likelihood and impact is normally used to determine the overall risk level (sometimes called the risk priority number).

Compare and contrast entry criteria and exit criteria.

Which of the following is an example of a good exit criterion from system testing?

All severity 1 defects must be resolved. This is measurable and clear.

Summarize the testing quadrants and their relationships with test levels and test types.

You are working on a project and have determined that exploratory testing is the best test technique to apply. Which testing quadrant are you using?

Q3. Exploratory testing belongs to quadrant 3.

Distinguish between project risks and product risks. Which of the following is a project risk?

A schedule that requires work during Christmas shutdown; this is a risk to the entire project.

Exemplify how to communicate the status of testing.

You have just completed testing on a major ERP implementation. The project has taken two years and is now ready for final approval before go-live. What test documentation should be produced at this time?

Formal test summary report.

At this point in the project, the formal test summary report should be prepared.

Summarize how configuration management supports testing.

You are working on a project that is releasing software to the test team in iterations. In iteration 3 you identified a failure. The developer found and fixed the defect and released the fix in iteration 4. You confirmed the fix and closed the defect report. You are now testing iteration 7 and the failure has occurred again. You have talked to the developer and he doesn’t know how or when the failure came back and has asked you to investigate.

How can configuration management help you gather more information on this failure?

You can reload and retest iterations 5 and 6 to see where the problem was re introduced. Because you have configuration management, you should be able to obtain and reinstall the code from iterations 5 and 6 and see where the problem was re-introduced.

Use estimation techniques to calculate the required test effort.

You are estimating the testing time required for a new project. You have gathered information from three experts and they have given you the following numbers in days:

Using the average numbers from the table above and applying the three-point estimation technique, what is the estimate?

54.17 ± 7.5

The formula is (Optimistic + 4(Likely) + Pessimistic)/6 so the answer is (30+220+75)/6 = 54.17 and the standard deviation is (75-30)/6 which is 7.5.

Apply test case prioritization.

Consider the following test cases that are used to test an accounting system:

Given this information, what is the proper order in which to execute these test cases?

1, 2, 4, 5, 3

The goal is to run the highest priority tests as soon as possible. Dependency has to be considered in order for the tests to actually be executed. In order to get the highest priority test run as soon as possible, the correct order is as follows: test 1 has to go first since everything else is dependent on it. Then we need to do 2 so we can do 4 and 5 (the highest priority test) and then 3 is last because 5 is not dependent on it.

Prepare a defect report.

You have received the following description section in a defect report:

• The report executed per the attached steps, but the data was incorrect. For example, the information in column 1 was wrong. See the attached screenshot. This report is critical to the users and they will be unable to do their jobs without this information.

What is the biggest problem with this defect report?

The developer won’t know what the tester expected to see. From this information, the developer only knows the tester thinks the information is wrong, but it’s not clear what was expected.

Explain how different types of test tools support testing.

What is the primary purpose of a test execution tool?

It runs automated test scripts to test the test object.

This is the primary purpose of the test execution tools.

Recall the benefits and risks of test automation.

Which of the following is a risk with test automation?

Using an automation tool that will not be supported in the future. That is a known risk with test automation because it will be dependent upon the tool used for implementation and that tool might fall out of support by the vendor or the community.