AP Gov - U.3 Amendments & Required SCOTUS Cases

First Amendment

Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition

Second Amendment

Right to bear arms

Third Amendment

No quartering of soliders

Fourth Amendment

No unlawful searches and seizures

Fifth Amendment

Due process, no double jeopardy, right to remain silent, no gov. seized property w/o just compensation

Sixth Amendment

Speedy and public trial, jury of peers, public defender if needed

Seventh Amendment

Jury Trial in Civil Cases, in suits over $20

Eighth Amendment

No excessive fines, no cruel and unusual punishment

Ninth Amendment

Non-listed (in consitution) rights are remained by the people

Tenth Amendment

Rights reserved to states and/or the people

Fourteenth Amendment

Birthright citizenship, equal protection under law

Engel v. Vitale

Optional prayer at school; Engel won - school prayer forces religion

Wisconsin v. Yoder

Amish & forced schooling; can’t force school past 8th grade if against religion; Yoder won - mandatory religious disobedience is morally (and lawfully) incorrect

Schneck v. US

Flyers discouraging draft participation; time of peace vs. time of war; US won - speech was harmful to current war effort

Tinker v. Des Moines

Arm bands in protest of Vietnam; Tinker won - students retain right of free speech, while non-disruptive, at school

NYT v. US

Pentagon papers suit; Publish confidential documents?; NYT won - gov. has no right to silence press b/c they don’t like what is being said

Gideon v. Wainwright

FL wouldn’t appoint lawyer to state felony case; Gideon won - fair trials require lawyers, all felony cases require defense

McDonald v. Chicago

Chicago tried to limit gun usage w/ extensive background checks, applications; McDonald won - 2nd amendment applied equally to all states and citizens, no extensive restrictions to gun ownership

Brown v. Board of Education

Segregated schools were not “separate but equal;” overturned Plessy v. Ferguson; Brown won -  Education is essential and should be equal, diversity is important