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bio test
What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus and possess single circular DNA, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, complex organelles, and linear DNA.
What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
The nucleus contains DNA and controls cell activities.
What is the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?
Mitochondria are the site of respiration and ATP production, providing energy for the cell.
What does the cell membrane do?
The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell and is semi-permeable.
What are chloroplasts and where are they found?
Chloroplasts, found in plant cells, are where photosynthesis occurs and contain chlorophyll.
What is the difference between light and electron microscopes?
Light microscopes use light and have lower resolution (200nm), while electron microscopes use electrons and have higher resolution (0.2nm).
What are the phases of mitosis?
The phases of mitosis are Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the net movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
What happens during osmosis?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a partially permeable membrane.
What is the function of arteries?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart and have thick, muscular walls to withstand high pressure.
What prevents the backflow of blood in the heart?
Valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood.
What is the function of red blood cells?
Red blood cells transport oxygen via hemoglobin.
How do white blood cells fight infections?
White blood cells fight infections by engulfing pathogens, producing antibodies, and creating antitoxins.
What are platelets and their function?
Platelets are small cell fragments that help in blood clotting to prevent bleeding.
What are the components of blood?
The components of blood include red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.
What is haemoglobin and where is it found?
it is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the lungs and other parts of the body.
What is the main purpose of the cell wall in plant cells?
It provides structural support and protection to plant cells.
What is the function of ribosomes?
They are responsible for protein synthesis in the cell.
What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA is single-stranded and contains the sugar ribose.
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll is the pigment that captures light energy, enabling photosynthesis in chloroplasts.
What is cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.
What is a stem cell?
A stem cell is a type of cell that has the ability to differentiate into different cell types and has the potential for self-renewal.
What are enzymes and their role in biological processes?
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in cells without being consumed in the process.
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
The cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance within the cell membrane that contains organelles and is the site for many metabolic processes.
What is the primary function of the vacuole in plant cells?
The primary function of the vacuole in plant cells is to store nutrients, waste products, and help maintain turgor pressure.
What are ribosomes composed of?
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins.
What is the primary role of phagocytes?
Phagocytes engulf and digest pathogens and debris.
