Physical Science - Chapter 15

Thermal expansion

Thermal expansion

________: the property of many materials to increase in volume when heated and contract when cooled.

Convection

________: movement of thermal energy as fluids move.

Calorimeter

________: a device that enables scientists to measure the thermal energy transferred in reactions and between systems.

Radiation

movement o energy in the form of electromagnetic waves.

Temperature

the measure of the hotness or coldness of a substance; proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles within the substance.

Caloric theory

________: the now- obsolete theory that stated that heat was an invisible self- repelling fluid.

Thermodynamics

________: the study of thermal energy and heat and how they relate to work and other forms of energy.

Specific heat

________: the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance 1 degree Celsius.

temperature

the measure of the hotness or coldness of a substance; proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles within the substance

thermometric property

any property that changes predictably with changes in temperature

thermal expansion

the property of many materials to increase in volume when heated and contract when cooled

heat

movement of thermal energy from an area of higher temperature to one of lower temperature

conduction

movement of electric charge or thermal energy through an object or from object to object through direct contact

convection

movement of thermal energy as fluids move

radiation

movement o energy in the form of electromagnetic waves

thermal conductor

a material through which thermal energy moves easily

thermal insulator

a material through which thermal energy does not easily move

specific heat

the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance 1 degree Celsius

calorimeter

a device that enables scientists to measure the thermal energy transferred in reactions and between systems

thermodynamics

the study of thermal energy and heat and how they relate to work and other forms of energy

caloric theory

the now-obsolete theory that stated that heat was an invisible self-repelling fluid

first law of thermodynamics

the law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but only transferred between objects or transformed; also known as law of conservation of energy

second law of thermodynamics

the law that states that energy can flow from a colder object to a warmer object only if something does work

third law of thermodynamics

the law that states that entropy would be at its minimum value at absolute zero

first law of thermodynamics

the law that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but only transferred between objects or transformed; also known as law of conservation of energy

second law of thermodynamics

the law that states that energy can flow from a colder object to a warmer object only if something does work

third law of thermodynamics

the law that states that entropy would be at its minimum value at absolute zero. Therefore, absolute zero can never be achieved