Pigs State Exam 2021 Flashcards

Flashcards based on the provided lecture notes for the Pigs State Exam 2021, covering prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal losses in piglets, as well as diseases of the skin, respiratory system, digestive system, and more.

What are prenatal losses in piglets?

Death of young during pregnancy, BEFORE parturition, during intra-uterine development.

What is a common cause of physiological losses in piglets?

In pigs, 30-50% of fertilised ova do not result in a live piglet due to limitations in the uterus after day 30.

What hormone is released by the pregnant uterus and embryos to signal the mother?

Oestrogen.

What are the three classifications of prenatal losses in piglets?

Gametopathies + Blastopathy (First 12 days), Embryopathy (day 12-35), Foetopathies (day 36-115 days).

What are the two types of Embryopathy?

Early Embryonic Death (death BEFORE maternal recognition) and Late Embryonic Death (death AFTER maternal recognition).

What are common causes of foetal resorption?

Inadequate hormones, endometrial or placental disorders, intoxications and infections (e.g., parvovirus, brucellosis).

What is mummification in piglets?

Death of foetuses after the skeleton has developed and been calcified; commonly caused by parvovirus.

What does SMEDI stand for concerning parvovirus in pigs?

Stillbirth, Mummification, Embryonic Death, Infertility.

What are potential clinical signs in the MOTHER if young are decaying?

Fever, colic, discharge or smell.

What endogenous factors can cause prenatal losses in piglets?

Chromosomal abnormalities or lethal genes.

What are some exogenous factors that can cause prenatal losses in piglets?

Physical trauma, systemic disease, stress, toxicity, nutritional deficiency, infectious causes (e.g., parvovirus, enteroviruses, mycoplasma, leptospirosis).

What are Perinatal losses?

Losses that occur just after parturition and up to the 5th day of life.

What are the classifications under headings for perinatal losses?

Sow factors, Pale pig syndromes, Zoohygienic problems, Infectious causes, Developmental defects.

How do you define Sow Factors:

Hypogalactia or Agalactia - bacterial metritis and subsequent endotoxaemia (E. coli) - mastitis, mammary oedema - confinement with little opportunity for exercise - poor feed management - constipation - obesity - mycotoxin toxicity from mouldy feeds

What is the treatment for crushing by the mother?

Assistance, supervision, farrowing pen system..

What is the aetiology of Umbilical Haemorrhage?

Anoxia inside the wound during farrowing OR haemorrhage in the cord itself.

What is the treatment for Umbilical Haemorrhage?

Clamp the umbilical cord 13mm from skin using a clip, ties or ligature.

What is the treatment and prevention of Neonatal isoerythrolysis?

Supplemental feeding, supportive treatment, administration of iron (and vitamins to reduce chance of iron toxicity).

Why is temperature important with Zoohygienic problems?

Quick drop from 33-40 in uterus to less than 20 in external environment. glucose is used up quickly to generate heat, then glycogen (linked to hypoglycemia).

How do you treat Hypothermia?

Glucose and heat slowly.

What are the Infectious causes for diseases of the GIT?

Viral: Transmissible Gastroenteritis virus, coronavirus, rotavirus. Bacteria: E. coli, Clostridium perfringens.

What is Hydrocephalus?

Accumulation of CSF causing swelling of the head.

What are clinical signs of Congenital Tremor?

Tremors and shaking of the head and body when awake, spontatnousy recovery

What is the treatment for Splayleg?

Elastoplast or soft fibres to tape legs together, massage and assisted feeding.

What is Aplasia Cutis?

Pigs can’t survive with congenital absence of skin and mucosa.

What are Postnatal Losses?

Occur from about 5 days after parturition to around 3-5 weeks after birth.

Why are pigments prone to Iron Deficiency Anemia?

They are born with very limited supplies of iron, Sow s milk is deficient in iron.

What is the treatment for for Iron Deficiency Anemia?

Treatment with 200mg of iron dextran either IM or as a per os solution, use vitamins ADE at the same time to prevent iron toxicity

What is Thrombocytopaenia purpura?

Sows colostrum contains antibodies against the thrombocytes of their young

What are clinical signs of Thrombocytopaenia purpura?

Haemorrhage throughout all body tissue, discolouration of skin and blue-brown bruising, excessive bruising in areas where there has been trauma

What is Intraperitoneal injections of 15mls 5% glucose every 4-6 hours, kept at a minimum of 30-35 degrees the differntial for?

Strepto suis, main clinical difference is nystagmus

What is Cleft Palate?

Failure of the fusion of the palate during gestation

What is Atresia Ani?

Hindgut fails to communicate with perineum and rectum ends blindly

What is Greasy Pig

Caused by bacteria of normal skin flora in immunocompromised young animals

What is the bacteria and pathology with Greasy Pig?

parakeratosis nucleated hypertrophy of the keratin layer.

What are you related deaths to in Greasy Pig?

acute form is in piglets of less than 8 weeks of age

What is the treatment for Greasy Pig?

ATB rarely effective, Supportive treatment

What is the age group and symptoms with Parvoviral Dermatitis?

Vesicular dermatitis in piglets aged 1-4 weeks,

What are the clinical signs and cause of Skin Neurosis of Piglets?

Pressure related sores on the knees and bony prominences, Often caused by Streptococcus species and Arcanobacterium

How do you prevent Skin Neurosis of Piglets?

Good sanitation and Softe flooring

What is Skin Neurosis and infection from teeth clipping and tail docking?

Many causes that cause Arthritis

What do you manage with low viable piglets?

temperature to around 32, energy- sow colostrum OR cow/ goat , group small piglets together with teat access to new sow

What do you see Vitamin E deficiency and Iron Toxicity?

Vitamin E deficiency occurs if the swine is also deficient due to oxidation and moulding of food source

What is the Treatment for Zinc Deficiency?

adjustment of calcium levels in diet – lower or remove, addition of more zinc in diet

How much Zinc do you give?

0. 5g zinc carbonate pro toto

What is Physical skin diseases?

Sunburn

What is the Treatment for Sunburn?

pigs should be given access to shade and wallow

What happens After ingestion of photodynamic agents such as: Pastures → alfalfa, clover and subsequent exposure to sunlight?

Photosensitisation

What are the clinical signs for Photosensitisation?

More severe than sunburn, Exudate of serum on the skin surface

What is the Treatment and Liver Pathology for Photosensitisation?

avoid sunlight avoid agents, Liver - enzymes increased and liver damage from plant toxins- phylloerythrin

What is Primary irritant contact dermatitis?

Redness, Pruritis, Ulceration

What is the Treatment for Primary irritant contact dermatitis?

Remove chemical, Clean area – disinfection

What are the clinical signs for Hypervitaminosis A?

Malaise, Roughened hair coat and scaly skin

What are Vesicular disease viruses?

Virtually indistinguishable from one another by clinical signs alone

What are the Viral Skin Diseases in swine?

Foot and mouth disease, Swine vesicular disease, Vesicular Exanthema , Vesicular stomatitis, Parvoviral dermatitis, Swine pox

What are the Clinical signs for Foot and Mouth Disease?

Lameness is the first noticed, fever, abortion or stillborn, Sudden death in neonates, Cutaneous lesions

What is Treatment and Prevention for Foot and Mouth Disease?

Slaughter of animals that are positive, slaughter of animals that are susceptible slaughter of animals within protection zone

What happens when Swine Vesicular Disease is confirmed?

Confirmed, all pigs are slaughtered, buried and burned

What is Treatment and Prevention for Vesicular stomatitis?

Vaccines are not commonly used in pigs (killed vaccines during epidemic in cattle)

What are the clinical signs, Transmission and Prevention for Swine Pox?

haematopinus suis- biting lice virus can survive outside the hosts for a long period of time

What the Clinical Signs for Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome ?

Red-purple lesions on skin and blotches are covered in dark crust

What is Treatment and Prevention Erysipelas?

Healthy swine 3 weeks of age or older should receive two doses of vaccination 3-4 weeks apart, Semi-annual vaccination, particularly before breeding

What is Greasy Pig Disease Aetiology and susceptibility

pothrix rhusiopathiae Occurs in piglets between 5 days – 8 weeks Acute form is in suckling piglets, Chronic form in weaned piglets

What species used in SILVER LEVADITI STAIN?

Borellia suis is Spirochaetosis Aetiology

What is Malignant Oedema?

Clostridium septicum produces clostridial toxins – alpha toxin, lethal and necrotising

What do look for in Malignant Oedema

Blue colour of skin and muscle, and gas formation

What are the Clinical signs, Diagnosis and Treatment for Dermatomycoses?

circular erythematous on Shoulders, back and flank wet ,crusting, alopecia, and pruritic

What does Haematophilus suis cause?

Sucking Lice bites and cause Skin damage Skin Lice and causes skin damage, alopecia, hyperkeratosis and eczema

What does Sacroptes Scabiei cause?

The digging of the female burrows damage the skin causes and allergic reaction Skin changes occur

What is Demodex Mite?

All ages of animal but severe changes, systemic disease and death in young piglets

What do you look for when you see Myasis (Fly Strike)?

Wound creation- secondary bacterial infection, Exudative dermatitis, insect control cleanliness

What happens when Tumours get to a swines?

swine malignancy is rare, Invasive melanomas can metastasize to the lungs and LN Clinical Melanoma

How do you classify Postnatally and what body systems are effects

Classified after about 5 days and Weaning at 21 with cat 1 affects large numbers of pigs short limited duration and cat 2 is low death rate that cause indefinite periods

Why do you need Hygiene if Virus?

Associated with the Porcine respiratory disease complex of PCV-2, and SwinFlu affecting all animal

PPRSV Porcine Respiratory can cause death in piglets then how know?

If pigs from herd previous with or without Virus, Blood sampling of 12 adults treatment- no specific

PCV2 cause Cough, dyspnoea and how find?

Enlarged LN Antigen detection from the blood from a blood swine.

Test to check what happened?

PM lungs are plump, Antigen if infected, Treat with support only.

Swine Flu - what can caused by what do if infective?

Airborne and nasal secretions and high mortality with catarrhal bronchopneumoniae, congestion

How transmission occurs Inclusions bodies?

Direct/Trans-placental contact and screening is only if had.

What kind of diseases might the Aujeszky pigs from fruit bats give to us?

Nipah is paramyxovirus

What causes bacteria in respiratory Bacteria Associated with the Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex

Low hygiene high stock, non separate old cause and Predisposition.

What are Mycoplasma causing?

Cytotoxic and exfoliative of cells and Complication during co-infection causes dyspnoea, fever and death

What Bordetella brochiseptica can do?.

Grades tissue out from 0-5 and Treatment with Isolation, quarantine antibiotics

How is tuberculosis transmited?

Spread from nose to does as vertical or Direct,

What parasites affect blood during cycle of lung or Intestine?

Ecto Strongylodies, Ascaris, Meta-Strong Treatment and prevention by Ivermectin Benzimidazoles Benzimidazoles

What happens when we leave the Nematode Strongyloides is in the Lung, SI?

Developemnts in the Envirornment leadiing to Dehydration Growth problems Diarrhoea , is to Dx: flotation method with Thiabendazole

What Ascaris do to the Lung and Liver? Also it is a cough

Entero-Hepitic-Pulmonary cycle with damage Liver, and Lung

What parasite Metastrongylus is causes and it in Lung.?

All do same they lead to Coughing Dyspnoea Nasal Eos, and treated Ivermectin is and Benzimidazoles

Congenital diseases like hole.

Patent Septa, Increase muscle Mass of Cardiac

Mulbury Heart Disease looks like?

Heart has Pale and Necrosis

What treat for Mulberry

Selenium and Vit E

Virus does this.

Endocards with Haemmorrhage

Black Berry Mass and Spleen

Anthrax

Ascaris causes cysts and what is used for?

Ascaris causes and what is used for?

Kidney failure can happens with the skin

Neph and Glom, and kidneys cant work good with high Fever

Struvite High pH if UT and what caused?

Kidney Failure by UTI, caused Actino suis

What happens to with Blood cause High P0, and what cause?

Metohemglobin causes Hypoxia what caused with Nitrites

Whats with in the B1 Vit and what deficinecy does

Thiamine for ATP for P rotein and found ever with V+, D+

So what good these vit ABCD?

A causes eyes, Skin and repro and gives sight..D for ca and Phosp and bone and etc for membrane protect

Vices what does do and eat young from bad Prolatction

Sow are bitting vulva is sore and red