Studied by 2 people
Charge and mass of a proton
1.6×10-19 C and 1.67×10-27
Charge and mass of a neutron
0 C and 1.67×10-27
Charge and mass of an electron
1.6x10-19C and 9.11x10-31 kg
Isotope
Atom with the same proton number but different mass number
Specific charge
Charge C / mass kg
What are the four fundamental forces
Strong nuclear
Gravity
Weak nuclear
Properties of the strong nuclear force
affects hadron
Exchange particle is pions
Hold protest and neutrons together
Repulsive at less than 0.5 fm
Attractive up to about 3-4fm
Properties of the electromagnetic force
Affects charge particles
Exchanged by the virtual photon
Causes protons to repel each other
Properties of the weak nuclear force
Affects all types of particles
Exchange particles are the w+ and w- bosons
Properties of gravity
Affects particles with mass
Graviton exchange particle
Attracts nucleons together due to mass
Main types of nuclear decay
Alpha beta minus and beta plus
Features of an alpha decay
Alpha particles are helium nuclei usually emitted from very large particles
Proton number decreases by 2
Nucleon number decreases by 4
An alpha particle is emitted
Features of a beta minus decay
Neutron decays into a proton
Emits an electron and an electorn neutrino
The elcetrin is the beta minus particle
The proton number increases by one
Features of beta plus decay
Beta plus particle is a positron
Proton decays into a beta plus particle and an electron neutrino
Proton number decreases by 1
What speed does electromagnetic radiation travel at
3×10⁸ ms-¹
What are photons
Discrete bundles of electromagnetic radiation
Planks constant equation for energy
E=hf
Where e is energy
H is planks constant 6.63×10-³⁴
F is frequency
Equation for photo energy in terms of wavelength
E=hc/ƴ
Where
E is energy
H is planks cosntant
Cisco speed of light
ƴ is wavelength
What is antimatter made up of
Antparticles
What is pair production
When a photon has sufficient energy it can be converted into a particle and corresponding antiparticle
It must make these ti cinserve charge and mass energy
What is annihilation
When a particle meets its antiparticle, converting into equal energy photons
What is a hadron
Non fundamental particles that feel the strong nuclear force
Baryiins and mesons are hadron
Protons are the only stable baryon
Baryon number must be conserved in interactions
What are leptons
Fundamental particles such as electrons muons and neutrinos
All have a baryon number of 0
Neutron decay
Neutron decays into a proton electorn and electron antineutrino
Quarks
Fundamental subatomic quarks making up hadrons
Up down and strange
What is a baryon
A combination of 3 quarks or antiquarks
Proton uud
Neutron udd
Mesons
quark and an antiquark
Conservation laws
Energy
Momentum
Charge
Baron number
Lepton number
Strangeness is conserved in strong interactions
Kaon composition
K+ uš
K⁰ dš
K- sū
Pion composition
n+ uđ
n- dū
n⁰ uū dđ
Note 
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