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Cramming before the last section of finals tomorrow after having a breakdown from not being prepared despite studying for 6 hours several days in a row
Ideas from the Enlightenment that inspired the American Revolution..
Natural Right, Popular Sovereignty, Republicanism, and the social contract
Thomas Hobbes..
Human nature leads to anarchy and war without a central authority
Rousseau…
People give up certain freedoms to gain protection through society (social contract), AND popular sovereignty
John Locke…
People are born free, equal, and with the right to consent to governance to protect their natural rights.
Montesqiueu..
Separation of power
What did the English do that the colonists opposed?
The English Parliament passed a series of taxes to finance the empire (Sugar, Tea, and Stamps)
The Stamp Act Response
“That no man shall be taxed but with his own consent, and you know very well that we were not in any sober Sense represented in the Parliament when the Stamp Act was imposed.”
“For great is the authority, exalted the dignity, and powerful the majesty of the people.”
English Response (to the Stamp Act Response)
“They have arose with violence; attacked several of the King’’s servants, broke into and plundered their houses, and have committed the most daring outrages: They have even ventured to destroy the house of the Lieut. Governor.”
Tensions rose during the 1770’s, and..
the British used military force
Second Continental Congress
Five men selected to write the Declaration pf Independence
Declaration of Independence
The moral and legal justification for the rebellion
Articles of Confederation
States loosely united as a confederation
Confederation
A system in which sovereign states have a centralized government which has very united power
Very weak national government, state government held the most power because..
colonists feared a powerful national government
Unicameral legislature
One chamber of Congress, equal representation for all states
Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
• all states MUST agree on the amendments
• national government could not:
tax people directly
raise or maintain an army
regulate interstate commerce
• no national court system or currency
Shay’s Rebellion..
highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
Participatory Democracy
Direct participation of most people in a society
citizens vote directly on issues and have broad participation
Pros of a Participatory Democracy
people get a say on the issues at hand
Cons of a Participatory Democracy
Time
Does not work w/ large population
Pluralist Democracy
• Interest groups compete for influence
more groups = competition = no one group has too much influence
filtered participation
Pros of Pluralist Democracy
many people can be involved
Cons of Pluralist Democracy
Change is slow
Elite Democracy
Elected representatives make decisions for the people who elected them
Electoral College
Filtered participation
Pros of Elite Democracy
Elected officials tend to be qualified
Cons of Elite Democracy
Inequality of power - the wealthy and the well-educated have the most influence
Constitutional Convention
Intent to revise the Articles of Confederation, including the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan
Note 
Flashcard (30)