AP Psychology - UNIT - Intelligence

Your psychology teacher has announced that the next test will assess your understanding of sensation and perception. When you receive the test, however, you find that very few questions actually relate to these topics. In this instance, you would be most concerned about the ________ of the test.

validity

Twenty-two-year-old Bernie takes a test that measures such diverse abilities as digit span, vocabulary, and object assembly. Bernie has completed the

WAIS

The Stanford-Binet, WAIS, and WISC tests are all types of

general intelligence test

Twenty-five-year-old Alexandra is mentally handicapped and can neither read nor write. However, after hearing lengthy, unfamiliar, and complex musical selections just once, she can reproduce them precisely on the piano. It is likely that Alexandra is

someone with savant syndrome

Of the following, who best illustrates Sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence?

Selma, a fifth-grader who solves complicated mathematical problems in record time

To assess whether intelligence is a single trait or a collection of several distinct abilities, psychologists have made extensive use of

factor analysis

If a road test for a driver's license adequately samples the tasks a driver routinely faces, the test is said to

have content validity

The final exam in a calculus course would be an example of a(n) ________ test

achievement

Everyone would agree that intelligence tests are “biased” in the sense that

test performance is influenced by cultural experiences

Five-year-old Wilbur performs on an intelligence test at a level characteristic of an average 4-year-old. Wilbur's mental age is

4

When Mrs. McGuire asks her students to answer questions in class, she can quickly tell from their facial expressions whether they are happy to participate. Mrs. McGuire's perceptual skill best illustrates

emotional intelligence

The heritability of intelligence refers to

the percentage of variation in intelligence within a group that is attributable to genetic factors

The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations is known as

intelligence

Factor analysis has been used to assess whether

intelligence is a single trait or a collection of distinct abilities

Spearman's g factor refers to

a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks

The psychologist who disagreed with Spearman about the nature of intelligence, identifying seven clusters of primary mental abilities rather than one general intelligence factor, was

L. L. Thurstone

A person who demonstrates an exceptional specific mental skill while otherwise remaining very limited in intellectual capacity is said to show signs of

savant syndrome

Howard Gardner identified a total of ________ intelligences.

eight

Robert Sternberg distinguished among analytical, creative, and ________ intelligence.

practical

The concept of emotional intelligence is most likely to be criticized for

extending the definition of intelligence to an overly broad range of skills

MRI scans reveal correlations of about ________ between people's brain size (adjusted for body size) and their intelligence scores

+.33

The lower region of the ________ lobe is a center for processing mathematical and spatial information

parietal

The speed with which people retrieve information from memory has been found to be a predictor of their ________ intelligence.

verbal

The nineteenth-century English scientist Sir Francis Galton believed that

superior intelligence is biologically inherited

Intelligence tests were initially designed by Binet and Simon to assess

academic aptitude

Binet used the term mental age to refer to

the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of intelligence test performance

For the original version of the Stanford-Binet, IQ was defined as

Q. mental age / chronological age X 100

Tests designed to assess what a person has learned are called ________ tests

achievement

Tests designed to predict ability to learn new skills are called

aptitude tests

The WAIS was designed for testing ________ intelligence, whereas the WISC was designed for testing ________ intelligence

adult’s; children’s

The test that provides separate verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, working memory, and processing speed scores, as well as an overall intelligence score, is the

Standford-Binet

When a person's test performance can be compared with that of a representative and pretested sample of people, the test is said to be

standardized

A bell-shaped curve that characterizes a large sample of intelligence test scores is a graphic representation of a

normal-distribution

A test is reliable if it

yields dependably consistent scores

A test has a high degree of validity if it

measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure or predict

A condition involving intellectual disability caused by an extra chromosome in one's genetic makeup is known as

down syndrome

Terman's observations of 1500 California children with IQ scores over 135 contradicted the popular notion that intellectually gifted children are typically

socially maladjusted

Terman observed that children with IQ scores over 135 are likely to

be academically sucessful

The similarity between the intelligence test scores of identical twins raised apart is

greater than that between ordinary siblings reared together

The similarity between intelligence scores of fraternal twins reared together is

less than that between identical twins reared apart

The heritability of intelligence refers to

the percentage of variation in intelligence within a group that is attributable to genetic factors

The impact of early environmental influences on intelligence is most apparent among young children who experience

minimal interaction with caregivers

Intelligence Tests-types

general intelligence tests - Stanford-Binet, Wechsler scales

theory-based models of intelligence - Gardners’s multiple intelligences, Sternberg’s triarchic theory

achievement test

what you have learned

aptitude test

predict a persons ability in a skill or field of knowledge

Binet & Simon TEST

test designed to identify children who need special help

William stern

mental age / chronological age x 100

SPEARMAN theory of intelligence

general intelligence - underlines specific intelligences could be summarized in one score

Thurstone

8 primary mental abilities - not one general factor

GARDNER theory of intelligence

multiple relatively independent intelligences: intelligences vs Talents

STERNBERG theory of intelligence

3 aspects of intelligence (triarchic theory): analytical, creative, practical

factor analysis

a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items(factors) on a test

Cattle-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory

the theory that our intelligence is based on G as well as specific abilities (bridged by Gf & Gc)

Lewis Terman

Stanford-Binet (adaptation of Binet-Simon-test to California children)

G factor

general intelligence

Galton’s theory of intelligence

intelligence is a heritable trait

emotional intelligence

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

WAIS / WISC

a pair of IQ tests that measure cognitive ability in different age groups

formula for calculating IQ

CM. mental age / chronological age X 100

fluid intelligence

our ability to reason speedily and abstractly, as when solving problems

crystalize intelligence

accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, reflected in vocbulary adn applied skills

reliability

the consistency of a test

split half reliability

a measure of internal consistency in which a test is divided into 2 equal halves

test retest reliability

the consistency of a test's results over time

standardization

defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group

Flynn effect

rise in intelligence test performance over time and across cultures

normal distribution

a bell-shaped curve where most people cluster around the average score (mean of 100 for IQ) and fewer people have extremely high or low scores

validity

the degree to which a test or experiment accurately measures what it is intended to measure

content validity

a measure of how well a test or assessment covers all aspects of the topic

heritability

measures how much of a trait's variation in a population can be linked to genetic differences

bias in testing

a test unfairly disadvantages certain groups of people

stereotype threat

the fear that one's behavior will confirm a negative stereotype about their social group

stereotype life

a performance increase in a group whose members are not targeted by a negative stereotype

growth mindset

the belief that abilities and intelligence can be developed and improved

fixed mindset

the belief that abilities, intelligence, and talents are static traits that cannot be changed or improved upon

as we age _____ intelligence decreaces

fluid