2.1.4 Flashcards

based on 2.1 Fiona's notes

Phlebotomist

• Draw blood from patients

• Median Cubital Vein is a large and easy accessible vein blood is usually drawn from

General Blood Draw Steps

• Greet and Identify the Patient

• Prepare Equipment and Patient

• Perform Hand Hygiene

• Select the site for blood draw

• Apply temporary tourniquet and don gloves

• Disinfect the area

• Take the blood, filling all needed blood sample tubes

• Safely discard contaminated materials

Complete Blood Count

• A relative count of each type of cell

• Leukocytes

  • White Blood Cells (WBC) 

  • Normal Range 3.4-9.6 billion cells/L

  • High WBC can be infection or disease

  • Low WBC can be a condition such as low vitamin deficiency

Erythrocytes

• Red Blood Cells (RBC)

• Normal Range for Males: 4.34-5.65 trillion cells/L

• Normal Range for Females: 3.92-5.13 trillion cells/L

• High RBC can indicate heart disease, lung disease, or dehydration

• Low RBC can indicate vitamin B deficiency, internal bleeding, malnutrition or kidney disease

Hemoglobin

• HB/Hgb

• Normal Range for Males: 13.2-16.6 grams/dL

• Normal Range for Females: 11.6-15 grams/dL

• High HB means High iron protein amount

• Low HB leads to fatigue and breathing issues

Hematocrits

• HCT

• Normal Range for Males: 38.3-48.6 %

• Normal Range for Females: 35.5-44.9 %

• High HCT indicate heart disease, lung scar and thickening, dehydration

• Low HCT indicates infection, long term illness, WBC disorder

Thrombocytes

• Platelets (PLT)

• Normal Range for Males: 135-317 billion/L

• Normal Range for Females: 157-371 billion/L

• High PLT can indicate infection or clotting

• Low PLT can indicate excessive bleeding, blood cancers, autoimmune diseases, pregnancy, heavy alcohol consumption, or can be a medication side effect.

Career Connection - Hematologist

• Specializes in diagnosing and treating blood disorders

• Could work in blood banks, pathology labs, and private clinics

• Hematocrit Test is a test that measures the percentage of red blood cells compared to the total blood volume

hematocrit levels

Leukemia

• Cancer when the white blood cells are high and red blood cells and platelets are low

Sickle Cell Disease

Irregularly shaped blood cells that are deoxygenated and tend to stick together and are unable to move through the blood. They can block vessels and prevent movement of oxygenated cells.

Cholesterol (Lipid Panel)

• Cholesterol - Fat (lipid) molecule needed by the cell to function

  • Used to produce steroid hormones

  • Produced in liver and absorbed from food

  • High cholesterol can damage artery walls and contribute to plaque buildup

  • Normal Range: <100mg/dL

  • High: 160mg/dL

LDL - Low Density Lipoprotein (Lipid Panel)

• Responsible for transporting cholesterol cells

• Known as “bad cholesterol”

• Can build up in the arteries and form plaque

HDL - High Density Lipoprotein (Lipid Panel)

• Responsible for removing excess cholesterol from bloodstream and transport to the liver

• “Good cholesterol”

Saturated Fat (Lipid Panel)

• Solid at room temp

• Increase LDL

• Found in beef, pork chicken, turkey, fried foods, dairy

• Too much can cause plaque buildup in arteries

Unsaturated Fat (Lipid Panel)

• Liquid at room temp

• Decrease LDL and increases HDL
  Found in cooking oil, avocados, nuts and seeds, fish

• Helps get rid of the LDL that causes blockages

• Have double bonds

High Cholesterol Medications (Lipid Panel)

• Statins (reduce fats)

• Niacin (reduce LDL and triglycerides, increase HDL)

• Bile Acid Binding Drugs

• Fibrates

Normal Lipid Loop (Lipid Panel)

Total, LDL, HDL Cholesterol Levels (Lipid Panel)

Metabolism (Metallic Panel)

• refers to all the chemical reactions and operations that go on inside the body

  • Abnormal results can indicate diabetes, kidney problems, hormone issues

Hormones (Metallic Panel)

chemical signals that help communicate info inside the body

Glucose (Metallic Panel)

• Simple sugar used by body for energy

  • High levels may indicate diabetes

Electrolytes (Metallic Panel)

• Help keep water balances

• Makes sure nerves, brain, muscles, and heart function properly

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine (Metallic Panel)

• Waste filtered out of blood by kidney

• Give indications of kidney functioning