English Vocabulary in Use - 40 The haves and the have-nots

fundamentally

in a basic and important way

denial

not allowing people to have

violation

act that spoils or destroys something

dignity

worth

absolute poverty

being poor according to a fixed minimum standard; sometimes called the poverty line

relative poverty

being poor in relation to others around you

extreme poverty

living below the poverty line

human poverty

being poor in a range of ways, not only financial

social context

situation

shelter

having a place to live that is protected from the weather

nutrution

food that people take into their body

malnourished

suffering from ill health because of poor food (noun = malnourishment/malnutrition)

literacy

ability to read and write

sanitation

systems for taking dirty water and waste from homes to ensure good hygiene

deprived

lacking in things considered necessary for a pleasant life

classed

categorised

affluence

wealth

below the breadline

having the level of income of an extremely poor person

make ends meet

have enough money to buy all you need

poverty-stricken

affected by poverty

impoverished

poor, without much money to live on

destitute

without money, food, home or possessions; noun = destitution

living from hand to mouth

having just enough money to live without suffering

money has been tight

there hasn’t been much money

tighten our belts

spend less than before

income bracket

range of income with upper and lower levels