1800-1824 Jeffersonian Democrary- Era of Good Feelings

Midnight Justices

last- minute judicial appointments made by Pres. John Adams before leaving office

John Marshall

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who strengthened the power of the federal Gov (Marbury v. Madison - judicial review)

judicial review

Supreme Court’s power to decide whether laws are constitutional or not

Lewis and Clark

explorers who led an expedition through the Louisiana Territory and the Pacific Northwest

Embargo Act

law passed under Pres. Thomas Jefferson that banned all American trade with foreign nations (was supposed to protect U.S. ships, but ended up hurting the U.S. economy instead)

impressment

when the British would kidnap American sailors from U.S. ships and force them to serve in the British navy 

Tecumseh

Shawnee chief who tried to unite Native American tribes in order to resist U.S. expansion

War Hawks

Democratic-Republicans in Congress who wanted to go to war against Britian

War of 1812

war caused from the British impressment of U.S. sailors; Washington D.C. was burned, Battle of New Orleans (Andrew Jackson’s victory), and Francis Scott Key wrote “The Star-Spangled Banner”; ended with the Treaty of Ghent - no one won 

Treaty of Ghent

ended the war of 1812; returned all conquered territory to pre-war owners, did not resolve impressment or trade disputes; boosted U.S. nationalism (“second war of independence”); marked the decline of the Federalist Party

Battle of New Orleans

last major battle of the War of 1812, U.S. forces defeated the British; fought after the Treaty of Ghent was signed (new had not reached the U.S. yet)

Andrew Jackson

hero of the Battle of New Orleans; appeal to the “common man”; 7th President; opposed the Bank of the U.S.; created the Indian Removal Act

Adams-Onis Treaty

agreement between the U.S. and Spain where Spain gave Florida to the U.S.

nationalism

strong sense of pride, loyalty, and unity towards one’s nation

Era of Good Feelings

period after the War of 1812 when the U.S. experienced a surge of nationalism; only one major political party under Pres. James Monroe (Democratic-Republicans)

Market Revolution

change in the U.S. economy where people started producing goods for sale in markets instead of just making things for themselves

Panic of 1819

economic crisis caused by banks giving out too many loans then demanding repayment - led to business failures and unemployment

Eli Whitney

invented the cotton gin and interchangeable parts

cotton gin

quickly removed seeds from cotton, making cotton production quicker; increased the demand for slavery; helped fuel the growth of the U.S. economy 

interchangeable parts

identical machine-made parts that could be easily replaced or assembled

Missouri Compromise

law that tried to keep the balance between free and slave states: Missouri entered as a slave state, Maine entered as a free state, and slavery was banned in the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of the 36°30′ line.

American System

Henry Clay’s plan to strengthen the U.S. economy by having protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements (roads and canals)

Second Great Awakening

religious revival movement in the U.S. that sparked various social reform movements like abolition and temperance

Monroe Doctrine 

U.S. foreign policy statement declaring that Europe should not interfere in the Americas (no new colonies or involvement) while the U.S. promised to stay out of European affairs