A&P 2 Digestive System

Which of the following is an effect of secretin on the pancreas?

The pancreas releases more bicarbonate in the pancreatic juice

What part of the tooth is composed of cellular tissue similar to bone, but harder?

Dentin

Which of the following is needed to digest fats?

Lipase

What part of a tooth often thins from years of brushing, teeth, grinding and eating acidic foods?

Enamel

What is peristalsis?

A propulsive movement of contents of the lumen from one area to another

The first stage of swallowing involves the tongue moving the bolus of food into the _________ This process is a(n) _________.

oropharynx; voluntary

What disorder is characterized by a weakened intestinal wall resulting in the inner mucous membrane protruding through the wall?

Diverticulosis

The alimentary canal of the digestive system is controlled by which nervous system?

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

What is xerostomia

Dry mouth

What stimulates the secretor of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach

The distention of the stomach, taste of food and smell of food

The release of secretin can be stimulated by which of the following?

Hydrochloric acid in chyme

What enzyme is produced by the stomach?

Pepsin

When chyme enters the duodenum, gastric secretions increase

False

Gastrin functions to increase the product of HCl in the stomach. True or false

True

In the parietal cells, the enzyme carbonic anhydrase causes a reaction between which two compounds or molecules

Carbon dioxide and water

The ion exchange molecule in the plasma membrane of parietal cells exchanges _________ions going out for __________ ions coming in

Bicarbonate; chloride

In the ducts of the gastric glands, ________ions are actively transported into the ducts in exchange for ______ ions which enter the parietal cells

Hydrogen; potassium

When hydrogen ions pass from the parietal cell into the duct of the gastric gland, they are exchanged for what ion

Potassium ion

True or False: The carbonic acid ion is joined to a hydrogen ion by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase.

False

The hydrogen ions used to form hydrochloric acid in the stomach are derived from what compound

Carbonic acid

What is the definition of digestion

The mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods into smaller forms

What molecules are absorbed into the lymph

Long chain fatty acids

True or false the body utilizes the absorbed nutrients to produce ATP

True

True or false the pyloric sphincter serves as a valve that controls the movement of food between he esophagus and stomach

False

Protein is broken down into smaller and smaller fragments, but ultimately the smaller fragments require splitting of the last peptide bond between two amino acids. What enzygme catalyzes this reaction?

Dipeptidase

Where are nucleic acids chemically digested?

In the small intestine

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the digestion and absorption of lipids?

1. Formation of chylomicrons

2. Emulsification by bile

3. Diffusion through the epithelial cell membrane

4. Hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase

5. Movement into lacteal ducts

2, 4, 3, 1, 5

A genetic mutation prevents the parietal cells of the gastric glands from secreting their typical products. What effect would this have on digestion within the stomach?

Hydrochloric acid would not be produced, so pepsinogen would not be activated to form pepsin.

What disorder of the large intestine produces a "cobblestone" effect within the tissues of the colon after many years?

Crohn’s disease

How is hep. B transmitted?

Sexual activity

A dentist explains to their patient that in order to avoid cavities, one must brush their teeth often enough to remove bacteria. How does bacteria cause cavities?

Bacteria metabolize carbohydrates in food, producing acidic by-products that damage enamel and dentin.

If you take a piece of white bread and chew it slowly for a long period of time, the flavor will become very sweet. This is due to the starch molecules in the bread being digested into smaller sugars that trigger a sweet sensation. Which substance is responsible for this breakdown?

Salivary amylase

Why might gallstones form?

Because bile is too concentrated

The greater omentum is composed of the __________ membrane.

Peritoneal

Which constituent of bile has a digestive function?

Bile salts

What is the effect of parasympathetic innervation on the salivary glands secretions?

Large volume of watery saliva

True or false sight or smell of food can stimulate salivation

True

What is the correct sequence for the layers in the walls of the alimentary canal from innermost to outermost?

Mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, serosa

What does peristalsis occur in the digestive tract?

From the pharynx to the anus

An individual takes a drug that inhibits the production of HCl in the stomach to ease the symptoms of a gastric ulcer. If they take it for a long time, digestion of which nutrient would be affected the most?

Proteins

Which is not a factor that may affect the rate of absorption of certain medications with age?

Loss of power in mastication

Heartburn is usually caused by the effects of gastric juice on the ___

Esophagus

What is the main part of the stomach called?

Body

True or false properly functioning large intestine, a person will have chronic diarrhea

True

Stomach enteroendocrine cells secrete gastrin. What is the function of gastrin?

To increase the secretion by the gastric glands

What are the largest salivary glands?

Parotid glands

What organ produces VLDL?

Liver

The epiglottis is attached to the ____

Larynx

The alimentary canal extends between what two points?

The mouth to the anus

The mechanical breakup of food particles in the mouth is called _________

Mastication

The stomach is C-shaped and connects the duodenum to the spleen. True or false 

False

What regulates pancreatic secretion of digestive enzymes?

Cholecystokinin

An CT scan shows a blockage in the duodenum that needs to be removed surgically. The gastroenterologist will make a small incision in the duodenal wall to remove the obstruction. Which tunic will be cut first?

Serosa

Which of the following occurs during the defecation reflex?

Diaphragm is lowered

The parotid gland is located __________ and functions to __________

• on the side of the mouth; produce and secrete saliva

Peristalsis slows in the elderly. True or false

True

A set of primary teeth consists of 20 teeth, whereas a set of secondary teeth consists of 32 teeth. True or false

True

Acute pancreatitis is often caused by the conversion of __________ within the pancreas.

Trypsinogen to trypsin

What is found in the root canal of a tooth?

Blood vessels and nerves

What changes in the mouth occur due to aging?

Thinning enamel

From the stomach, food passes into the duodenum, then the jejunum, and then the ileum. True or false

True

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

Secretion of insulin

What is a function of the digestive system?

Ingests and breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and defecates the unabsorbed material.