Cell Theory and Introduction to Cells

This is the vocabulary for the first chunk of the unit, looking at Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes, Unicellular vs Multicellular, and the Parts of the Cell Theory

Cell Theory

A scientific theory that states all living organisms are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells arise from existing cells.

Free Cell Formation

Refers to the idea that cells can only arise from pre-existing cells, emphasizing that new cells are produced through cell division.

Unicellular

Organisms composed of a single cell that perform all necessary functions of life independently.

Multicellular

Organisms made up of multiple cells that work together to perform various functions and maintain life.

Eukaryote

An organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles, enclosed within membranes. Eukaryotes include animals, plants, fungi, and protists.

Prokaryote

A type of cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, typically smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes include bacteria and archaea.

Archaea

a group of prokaryotic microorganisms that are similar to bacteria but genetically distinct, often found in extreme environments.

Bacteria

a group of prokaryotic microorganisms that are ubiquitous in many environments, playing essential roles in ecosystems, including decomposition and nutrient cycling.

Protist

A diverse group of mostly unicellular eukaryotic organisms, often found in aquatic environments. Protists can be autotrophic or heterotrophic and include algae and protozoa.

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic information in all living organisms.

Cell Membrane

A biological barrier that separates the interior of a cell from its external environment, regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Ribosome

A complex molecular machine found within all living cells, responsible for synthesizing proteins by translating messenger RNA.

Cytoplasm

The gel-like substance within a cell that contains organelles and is the site of many metabolic processes.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell, containing the cell's genetic material, and responsible for regulating cellular activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction.