3rd Periodical Exam - SCIENCE

Hypothalamus

Hypothalamus

small organ at the base of the brain

Male hypogonadism

condition where testes do not produce enough amount of testosterone.

Female hypogonadism

condition where ovaries do not produce enough estrogen and progesterone.

Estrogen

female sex hormone that stimulate ovulation.

Menstruation

regular monthly vaginal bloody discharge

Dysmenorrhea

painful cramps in the pelvis or lower

Spermache

onset of sperm development and maturation in male during puberty

Menarche

first menstruation of a woman that occurs during the onset of puberty.

Menopause

gradual decline in menstrual period, stoppage of menstrual period

Perimenopause

point of decline in the female set hormone

effectors

responds to the information by either opposing or enhancing the stimulus.

Homeostasis

refers to the internal stability which is important to living organisms for survival

Receptors

serve to sense changes

Stimuli

the environment that disrupt the state of equilibrium.

Platelet

Assists blood clotting

positive feedback mechanism

maintains the direction of the stimulus and may even speed it up.

glucagon

stimulates the liver to breakdown its glycogen reserves into glucose.

Insulin

stimulates the cells in the various tissues of our body to uptake glucose thus lowering its level in the blood.

negative feedback mechanism

changes the direction of the stimulus by either increasing or decreasing its relative intensity as before

Central Nervous System (cns)

receives and processes such information

afferent neuron

carry the signal away from the body to the central nervous system

Equilibrium

the state wherein the condition of a system is balanced

Natural selection

heritable characteristics which help organisms survive and reproduce successfully become more common in a population over time.

Macroevolution

the evolution over a long period of time which leads to the formation of new species and groups.

microevolution

happens over a shorter of period time and affects just one or a few genes.

Homologous Structures

physical features that are inherited from a common ancestor

Comparative anatomical structures

evidence of evolution are exemplified by the existence of homologous and analogous structures between or among different species

Genetic information

provides strong evidence for evolution at the most basic level because all living organisms share the same genetic code

fossils

preserved remains or traces of living organisms

strata

which fossils are found provide a relative chronological order of their origin

absolute dating

a radiologic method that is based on the half life decay of the radioactive isotope and certain elements