Physical science chapter 15 study guide

this came straight from the study sheet given in class (41 terms)

electrolytic cells form a thin coating of metal on an object

electroplating

chemical reaction produces electricity

voltaic cell

reaction that occurs without continuing outside help

spontaneous reaction

reaction proceeds either direction

reversible reaction

electricity produces a chemical reaction

electrolytic cell

produces electricity and is continually replenished from outside source

fuel cell

sour taste

acid

bitter taste, slippery feel

base

formed by an acid and base

salt

substances that undergo chemical change; on left side

reactants

new substance produced by the reaction; on right side

products

energy is absorbed

endothermic reaction

energy is released

exothermic reaction

gains electrons

reduction

loses electrons

oxidation

where oxidation occurs

anode

where reduction occurs

cathode

chemical equation that has same number of atoms of each element on both sides

balanced equation

kinetic energy that is necessary for molecules to react

activation energy

2 or more substances combine to form a new substance

combination reaction

compounds break down

decomposition

study of compounds containing carbon

organic chemistry

represents concentration of hydrogen

pH scale

7\.1-14 on pH scale

base range

0-6.9 on pH scale

acid range

substance that changes color depending on pH; example litmus

acid-base indicator

one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by -OH groups

alcohol

single bond between carbon atoms

alkane

one or more double bonds between carbon atoms

alkene

one or more triple bonds between carbon atoms

alkyne

ring of carbon atoms

aromatic

contain the group -COOH

carboxylic

contain -COO- group

ester

one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by halogen atoms (CI, Br, or I)

haloalkanes

loses electrons= oxidation

gains electrons- reduction

LEO says GER

electrons are transferred between atoms

redox reaction

related energy gained by a system to the energy lost by its surroundings

first law of thermodynamics

an element in a compound is replaced by another element

single-displacement reaction

2 compounds exchange atoms or ions

double-displacement reaction

system at equilibrium is disturbed, the system will react to partially offset the disturbance

le chateliers principle

when a strong acid base react to produce water and a salt

neutralization