midterm 1

Which of the following best describes the Black response to the ending of the Civil War and the coming of freedom

Which of the following best describes the Black response to the ending of the Civil War and the coming of freedom

 Blacks adopted different ways of testing their freedom, including moving about, seeking kin, and rejecting older forms of deferential behavior

What effect did emancipation have on the structure of the Black family?

 Black families increasingly adopted the nineteenth-century idea that men and women held different responsibilities

In which way did the Black church change during Reconstruction?

 It started to play a central role as Blacks abandoned white-controlled religious institutions

For most formerly enslaved people, freedom first and foremost meant

landownership

How did southern leaders tend to react to Black freedom after the Civil War?

They tended to view it as a privilege and not a right

The Freedmen’s Bureau’s greatest accomplishments were in

education and health care

What did the freedmen request in their “Petition of Committee in Behalf of the Freedmen to Andrew Johnson” in 1865?

the right to purchase a homestead

The Enforcement Acts, passed by Congress in 1870 and 1871, were designed to

stop the activities of terrorist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan

In the 1870s, who claimed to have saved the white South from the corruption of northern and Black officials?

Redeemers

Which statement is true of Ku Klux Klan members?

They often targeted Black schoolhouses

By 1890, the majority of the American workforce

worked for wages

What did the 1880 census show for the first time?

A majority of Americans engaged in nonfarming jobs

How did the expansion of railroads accelerate the second industrial revolution in America?

Railroads created a true national market for U.S. goods

What changes did railroads bring to American society during the Gilded Age?

The introduction of railroads enabled a national market for goods and led to the creation of time zones

Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller

accumulated fortunes, grew powerful, and donated most of their money to charity

What was the difference between skilled and semiskilled workers during the Gilded Age?

Skilled workers were less common, possessed technical skills, and enjoyed better wages depending on the industry

Which of the following statements accurately describes the experiences of many semiskilled industrial workers in American factories during the Gilded Age?

Working conditions were dangerous and unstable, and workers often lacked any type of protection

What did Social Darwinists believe?

They believed that human progress was a natural process and, therefore, the government should not interfere with it

Why is the period between 1870 and 1890 known as the “Gilded Age”?

While there was a generalized idea that America was doing well on the surface, it masked corruption, oppression, and poverty

In Lochner v. New York (1905), the Supreme Court voided a state law that established the maximum hours bakers could work in New York. What reasoning did the Court give for this ruling?

The Court believed this law interfered with the right of contract and therefore infringed upon individual freedom

Bonanza farms

typically had thousands of acres of land or more

How did the displacement of Native peoples in Australia differ from the experience of Indians in the American West?

Government policy orchestrated the removal of Aboriginal children from their homes for official adoption by whites

Why was William Tweed so popular with New York’s immigrant poor?

He had provided food, fuel, and patronage to them in exchange for their votes

What happened in both the 1876 and 1888 presidential elections?

The losers of the popular vote won the electoral college

Which of the following describes the interactions between white settlers and Indian tribes in the West most accurately?

Army campaigns sought to destroy Indian economies by killing many buffalo

The Interstate Commerce Commission was established in 1887 to

ensure that railroads charged farmers and merchants reasonable and fair rates

How did the government respond to the conflict that arose from Indians who resisted the disruption of their lives?

The government sent troops to destroy the Indian economy by attacking their horses and buffalo

The Grange was an organization that

established cooperatives for storing and marketing farm output

What advice does Chief Joseph offer the white man in his 1879 speech in Washington, D.C.?

to treat all men, including Indians, the same way in order to live in peace

Which of the following ideas accurately summarizes Saum Song Bo’s response toward the construction of the Statue of Liberty in American Missionary (October 1885)?

The Statue of Liberty is misleading as a symbol of freedom due to the discrimination that the Americans and the French have shown the Chinese

In 1884, the Supreme Court ruled against John Elk when he tried to claim American citizenship. What reason did the Supreme Court give for rejecting his petition?

Whether he had achieved the degree of “civilization” required of American citizens was in question

What was the Ghost Dance movement?

It was a traditional religious revival that brought solace to the Native Americans who participated in it but made the government fear the possibility of an uprising

What was the aim of boarding schools for Indians?

to civilize the Indians through forced assimilation

The Knights of Labor

was an inclusive group that called for an array of reforms including the eight-hour workday

Which of the following statements accurately describes elections during the Gilded Age?

Elections were closely contested affairs characterized by intense party loyalty

Which statement about the People’s Party is correct?

It sought to speak for the “producing classes,” including farmers, miners, and industrial workers

Farmers believed that their plight derived from which of the following?

excessive interest rates for loans from bankers

Populists intended to do which of the following?

restore economic opportunity

What role did the federal troops have in the Pullman Strike of 1894?

They stopped the strike by using force

Which statement about Coxey’s Army is accurate?

They marched on Washington demanding economic relief

Henry Grady promoted the idea of a New South based on

industrial expansion and agricultural diversification

The Black middle class in southern cities

worked as teachers and physicians and owned businesses serving the Black community

Why did the South fail to attract significant economic development in the wake of Reconstruction?

Investors looked for cheap labor and low taxes but made few capital investments in the region

How did Black women challenge the racial ideology of the Jim Crow South?

They formed their own underground militant organizations

Which statement about Albion W. Tourgée is accurate?

As a North Carolina judge, Tourgée insisted that segregation violated the Fourteenth Amendment

The Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson

argued that segregated facilities did not discriminate

Why did Ida B. Wells say the United States had no right to call itself the “land of the free”?

She was referring to the lynchings of innocent Black men

In which of the following ways were the boundaries of freedom redrawn in the United States during the nineteenth century?

Several states adopted literacy and residency requirements in order to restrict immigrant voting

In the 1890s, 3.5 million immigrants arrived in the United States. Where did most of them come from?

Southern and Eastern Europe

In his Atlanta speech of 1895, Booker T. Washington

encouraged Blacks to adjust to segregation

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

excluded Chinese immigrants from entering the country

In United States v. Wong Kim Ark, the Supreme Court ruled that Asian descendants born on U.S. soil became U.S. citizens at birth. In what regulation did they base this decision?

Fourteenth Amendment

American expansionism after the 1890s

was largely driven by the desire for expanded overseas trade

Which of the following did the Open Door policy most exemplify?

the United States’ pursuit of markets and investment opportunities

What did the term “white man’s burden” mean?

Domination of non-whites by white people was necessary for the progress of civilization

In the first decade of the twentieth century, American farm communities

entered a “golden age” because of rising urban demand for farm goods

Why did millions of American farm families migrate westward from 1900 to 1910?

The availability of free land meant more opportunities for commercial farming in the West

The Progressive movement drew its strength from

reformers and social scientists

The writer whose work encouraged the passage of the Meat Inspection Act was

Upton Sinclair

Progressive-era immigration was part of a larger process of worldwide migration set in motion by which of the following forces?

the annexation of the Philippines

Labor agents

provided American employers with workers who signed long-term labor contracts

About which of the following did Ida Tarbell write an investigative journalistic story?

Standard Oil

Most new immigrants who arrived during the early years of the twentieth century

  lived in close-knit ethnic communities

Which of the following statements about mass consumption in the early twentieth century is true?

The promise of mass consumption became the foundation for a new understanding of freedom

During the Progressive era,

growing numbers of native-born white women worked in offices

The term “Fordism”

describes an economic system based on mass production and mass consumption

Industrial freedom in the Progressive era meant in practice

a loss of personal autonomy for skilled workers working under scientific management

What made Eugene Debs a successful leader?

He unified a diverse group of people for the socialist cause

The Industrial Workers of the World

advocated for a workers’ revolution

The battle for free speech among workers in the early twentieth century

was led by the Industrial Workers of the World

The Ludlow Massacre

happened during a strike against Rockefeller-owned companies

The Progressive era’s birth-control movement was characterized by

public lectures on sexual freedom and contraception by activists such as Emma Goldman

Henry George introduced a slate of political changes known as the Oregon System. The system included which of the following?

initiative, referendum, and recall

What did passage of the Seventeenth Amendment entail?

U.S. senators were now chosen by popular vote

In Muller v. Oregon, the Supreme Court

argued that women were too weak to work long hours

Theodore Roosevelt’s taking of the Panama Canal Zone is an example of

his belief that civilized nations had an obligation to establish order in an unruly world

Why did the United States conduct military operations in Caribbean countries between 1901 and 1920?

to create an economic environment conducive to U.S. corporations

Which of the following statements is accurate about William Howard Taft?

Taft believed the best way to promote American interests in the Caribbean and Central America was through economic investment

Which of the following assessments of the Roosevelt Corollary is accurate?

It proposed the United States could function as an international police power within the Western Hemisphere

In the presidential election of 1916, Woodrow Wilson

used the campaign slogan “He kept us out of war.”

The Zimmermann Telegram

was a German invitation sent to the Mexican government asking them to join them in a war against the United States

Wilson issued the Fourteen Points hoping to

provide a clear statement of America’s war aims to the people

Most Progressives saw World War I as a golden opportunity because

they hoped to disseminate Progressive values around the globe

Why did the War Industries Board establish standardized specifications during World War I?

to increase efficiency and speed production

How did the Committee on Public Information present its message to encourage Americans to remain loyal and support the war effort?

The CPI packaged its appeals in the language of social cooperation and an expanded democracy

During World War I, the federal government

accumulated power and used it to influence the everyday lives of Americans

Why did World War I threaten to tear the women’s suffrage movement apart?

Many suffragists had been associated with opposition to American involvement in the war

Which of the following is true of Eugene V. Debs?

His arrest for violation of the Espionage Act was the result of an anti-war speech

How did eugenics shape public policy during World War I?

It supported anti-immigrant sentiment with an air of professional expertise

Why did Americanization programs often target women?

They understood women as the bearers and transmitters of culture

In Buck v. Bell (1927), the Supreme Court ruled against Carrie Buck. What did the Court say to reject Buck’s plea?

That the sterilization was in the name of the public good and therefore constitutional

Why did Bourne speak of a new “trans-national” culture in America?

because America was formed by different peoples and not a single nationality

During his presidency, Woodrow Wilson

dismissed numerous black federal employees

The idea of the melting-pot

assumed that immigrants would eventually join the American mainstream

The “Declaration of Principles” adopted by W. E. B. Du Bois’s Niagara Movement

called for complete economic and educational equality

Which of the following groups was excluded from nearly every Progressive definition of freedom?

African Americans

The Tulsa riot, in which 300 African-Americans were killed,

began after black veterans tried to prevent the lynching of a young black man

In response to the Russian Revolution that led to the creation of the communist Soviet Union, the United States

pursued a policy of anticommunism that would remain throughout the twentieth century

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding African-American participation during World War I?

The U.S. Army tried to persuade the French to not treat African-American soldiers as equals

Why did the United States not become a member of the League of Nations?

The Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles